EEE-6009

Energy Planning

Feasibility Study of Solar Charging Station for Electric Vehicle in

Bangladesh: Policies and Prospects

 Presented By
Name Md. Golam Zakaria Md. Sakiluzzaman Md. Khairul Alam
Group
06
ID 0421062304 0421062366 0421064005
Email 0421062304@eee.buet.ac.bd 0421064005@eee.buet.ac.bd 0421062366@eee.buet.ac.bd

Supervised By
Dr. Farseem Mannan Mohammedy
Professor
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology 1

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

 Presentation Outline

Introduction and Research Methodology

Existing Policy Framework
 ‘Renewable Energy Policy 2008’
 ‘Policy Guidelines for Commercial IPP 2008’
 ‘Power System Master Plan 2016’
 ‘Net Metering Guidelines-2018’
 EV Present & Future of Bangladesh
 Present Scenario
 Future Scenario
 Existing Solar Charging Station Scenarios
 Impending Barriers Of Solar Charging Station Implementation In Bangladesh
 General recommendations

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology 2

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

 Introduction

 Although EVs are often considered to be the most sustainable form of motorized
transportation, they are not necessarily 100% green. Instead, EVs are only as green as
the source of electricity that powers them. Electric vehicles charged using solar power
emit 96% less mass of pollutants than all-electric vehicles using the grid [2]

 According to the NDC report, under the Business As Usual (BAU) scenario greenhouse
gas (GHG) emission in Bangladesh from the power, transport and industrial sectors shall
account for “69% of the total emissions by 2030” resulting in 234 MtCO2e (an increase
of 264% with respect to the level in 2011) [3].

 Assuming no additional international support Bangladesh will reduce its GHG emissions
in the power, transport, and industry sectors by 12 MtCO2e by 2030 or 5% below BAU
emissions for those sectors. Assuming additional international support Bangladesh will
reduce its GHG emissions in the power, transport, and industry sectors by 36 MtCO 2e by
2030 or 15% below BAU emissions for those sectors [3].

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology 3

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

 Introduction

Figure : Projection of GHG Emission (MtCO2e) for Three Sectors from 2011 to 2030

 From an economic standpoint, EVs and hybrid vehicles provide cost savings as an incentive over
traditional fossil fuel vehicles. With the dream of economic savings and environment safety, GOB is
seriously considering a transition in the transport sector from conventional fossil fuel driven vehicles to
EV. However, there is insufficient charging infrastructure and no dedicated policy framework.

 BRTA is drafting ‘EV vehicle guideline’ and SREDA is working on ‘Charging Station Guideline’.

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology 4

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

 Research Methodology

Make some
Examine Examine the General
Examine barriers of
Present Policy Examine Examine Recommendati
Present Solar
Framework in Present EV Future EV
EVCS
solar EVCS on for
Favor of solar Scenario scenario Implementati Sustainable
Infrastructure solar EVCS
EVCS on
Future

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology 5

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

 EXISTING POLICY FRAMEWORK

 Relevant policy and regulatory documents that are already serving as basic guideline are

 ‘Renewable Energy Policy 2008’

 ‘Policy Guidelines for Commercial IPP 2008’
 ‘Power System Master Plan 2016’
 ‘Net Metering Guidelines-2018’

‘Renewable Energy Policy 2008’

 One of the prime objectives of this Renewable Energy Policy was that an institution, Sustainable
Energy Development Agency (SEDA), shall be established under the Companies Act, 1994.

 The responsibilities of SREDA as a company is summarized below:

 Promote awareness of renewable energy and other clean energy technologies. Support
establishment of small and medium renewable energy enterprises and providers.
 Support demonstration of new technologies and new business models for renewable energy and
other clean energy technologies.
 Provide fund for the development of standardized renewable energy configurations to meet
common energy and power applications

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology 6

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

 EXISTING POLICY FRAMEWORK

‘Renewable Energy Policy 2008’

 The ‘Renewable Energy Policy’ of 2008 has laid the foundation of Sustainable and
Renewable Energy Development Authority (SREDA) with a broader aim to increase and
promote the utilization of RE in the local domain [6].

 All renewable energy equipment’s and related raw materials in producing renewable
energy equipment’s will be exempted from charging 15% VAT.

 An incentive tariff may be considered for electricity generated from renewable energy
sources which may be 10% higher than the highest purchase price of electricity by the
utility from private generators.

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology 7

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

 EXISTING POLICY FRAMEWORK

‘Policy Guidelines for Commercial IPP 2008’

 The main objective of the policy is to introduce and regulate competition by allowing
private investment in the power sector, and to establish new commercial power plants
and rehabilitate old ones through Public Private Partnership (PPP).

 The main features of this policy guidelines can be summed up into the following points
[9]:

 Private investors are allowed to build commercial power projects that comply with the existing
regulation. they are allowed to use any fuel including renewable ones and are free to find their
own buyers to sell electricity at a mutually negotiated tariff.

 The private investors are to enjoy certain fiscal incentives, such as corporate income tax waiver for
15 years, relaxed customs duties on a certain amount of import for 12 years.

 Public Private Partnership (PPP) is allowed for joint venture power plants under certain terms and
conditions.

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology 8

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

 EXISTING POLICY FRAMEWORK

‘Power System Master Plan 2016’

 “PSMP-2016” strictly mandates that 10% of all power should come from RE
 According to BAU projection RE generation capacity to be 10% of total by 2041 translating into
nearly 7,950 MW, which is close to 8,000 MW.
 By 2041, the renewable is set to cover nearly 31% of total generation capacity in second scenario
translating into 25,000 MW.
 Under third scenario, nearly 50% of installed power capacity will be covered by solar PVs, which will
be 40,000 MW.

‘Net Metering Guidelines-2018’

 The Net Metering Guidelines-2018 that aims to allows consumers to become ‘prosumers’ by
connecting their RE systems to the distribution grid via a bi-directional smart meter [7].

 According to revised Net Metering Guideline, 2019:

 Any three-phase consumer can be considered eligible for the net metering system.
 A consumer can install (capacity of solar PV system) up to 70% of his sanctioned load.
 The maximum output AC capacity of the installed RE system for NEM can be up to 10 MW.

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology 9

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

 EV Present & Future of Bangladesh

Present Scenario:

 In Bangladesh, the most prevalent e-mobility solution are the electric two/three
wheelers.

 Although the actual stock take of these "Easy Bikes" are yet to be determined, it is
estimated that 1.24 million of these vehicles are on the road which are facilitating
transportation of approximately 250 million people [8].

 Currently, around 9000MWh (9,000,000 kWh) energy is used daily from the supply grid
to meet easy bike charging demand[8].

Figure : Currently Used Electric Vehicles in Bangladesh.

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology 10

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

 EV Future of Bangladesh

Present Scenario:
 The four-wheeler EV market is still virtually non-existent in Bangladesh. Currently, it is
estimated that there are less than 10 passenger EVs in the country, and all of them are
concentrated in the capital city.

 Four-Wheeler Hybrid vehicles has gone up over the last few years. In terms of sales, the
figure had been rising sharply up until the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. In 2018, the
hybrid four-wheeler market has registered a 900% increase in sales [11].

Figure : Trend of Hybrid Four-Wheelers in Recent Years.

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology 11

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

 EV Future of Bangladesh

Future Scenario:
 Bangladesh Auto Industries Limited (BAIL) is setting up the country's first ever electric
car plant in Mirsarai Economic Zone.
 They plan to manufacture all sorts of vehicles starting from two/three wheelers, sedan,
hatchback and subsequently SUVs and pickup trucks: with an initial investment of $200
million. The plant will manufacture almost 60% of the components of the vehicles,
including lithium battery, motor, controller, software platform, chassis, and body [13].

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology

Figure : Initiatives of the first EV Car Plant 12

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

 EV Future of Bangladesh

Future Scenario:

 Nitol Motors is also setting up an EV assembly plant with the brand name "Suvare"[12].
The project with an estimated cost of BDT 3.5 billion, is being set up in Pabna and
Bogura.

 India’s automaker Omega Seiki has recently announced an investment of INR 1 billion to
set up EV manufacturing facilities in Bangladesh.

 (BRTC) has already taken the initiative to introduce 50 electric buses that will run in long
routes like Dhaka-Chottogram. In the updated NDC, Bangladesh committed to establish
charging station network and introduce electric buses in major cities [14].

 The Automobile Industry Development Policy 2021, projects that at least 15% of
registered vehicles will be powered by environment-friendly electricity in 2030[15].

 The UNDP, offering $1.78 crore support to enhance policy institutional framework for EVs
and EV charging stations and tailored capacity building [15].

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology 13

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

 EV Future of Bangladesh

Future Scenario:

Figure : EV Future of Bangladesh Summarized.

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology 14

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

 Existing Solar Charging Station Scenarios
 According to SREDA’s website, so far 14 solar charging stations have been installed with total
capacity of 0.253MW. The stations are owned and financed by different utilities, such as, BPDB,
BREB, DESCO, DPDC and WZPDCL [6].

Table 2: Solar Charging Stations Sorted by Agency

Table 1: Present Installed Solar Charging Stations
Organization Quantity Installed Capacity
SID Capacity Location Agency Finance BREB 7 156 kWp
BPDB 2 40 kWp
462 20 kWp Narayanganj DPDC Self WZPDCL 1 21 kWp
336 21 kWp Gazipur BREB Self DPDC 1 20 kWp
337 21 kWp Mymensingh BREB Self DESCO 1 16 kWp
BMDA 1 15 kWp
338 21 kWp Dhaka BREB Self
IDCOL 1 14.4 kWp
3245 15 kWp Rajshahi BMDA Self
Total 14 282.4 kWp
281 21 kWp Jessore WZPDCL Self
286 30 kWp Gazipur BREB Self
287 21 kWp Narayanganj BREB Self
288 21 kWp Munshiganj BREB Self
335 20 kWp Chittagong BPDB Self
185 20 kWp Sylhet BPDB Self
188 21 kWp Keraniganj BREB Self
164 16 kWp Dhaka DESCO Self
1949 14.4 kWp Jhenaidah IDCOL Self

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology 15

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

 Existing Solar Charging Station Scenarios

 However, there are some ongoing solar charging station projects at different stage of
development. These charging stations are being installed by REB. They are about to
install seven more solar charging stations.

 These stations will be located at Gopalganj PBS, Natore PBS-1, Comilla PBS-2, Khulna
PBS, Sylhet PBS, Rajshahi PBS and Coxbazar PBS.

 Among these seven stations two are under construction, tending is in process for
one, and administrative process is in progress for four of them. The cumulative
output of these seven stations is estimated to be 147 kWp or even higher [10].

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology 16

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

 Existing Solar Charging Station Scenarios

Table 3: Currently Operational Solar Charging Stations with their target and achievement .

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology 17

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

 Existing Solar Charging Station Scenarios
National Solar Energy Action Plan, 2021–2041

Table 4: Solar Charging Station Projected Target

Until 2020 2021-2030 2031-2041 Cumulative
Solar PV Development
Scenario MW MW MW MW
BAU 1 10 20 31
Medium Deployment
1 20 30 51
 
High Deployment
1 30 70 101
 

Figure 8: Solar Charging Station Projected Target

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology 18

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

 IMPENDING BARRIERS OF SOLAR CHARGING
STATION IMPLEMENTATION IN BANGLADESH.

 Inadequate and Unharmonious Policy Framework

Bangladesh is yet to formulate policies and regulations to address various aspects of the solar energy
sector development; a standalone dedicated policy for solar electric vehicle charging station is very
urgent. Solar Electric Vehicle Charging Station demands a dedicated policy and regulatory framework.

 Regulated Tariff/Incentive

According to “Renewable Energy Policy-2008”, private investors are free to find their own buyers to sell
electricity at a mutually negotiated tariff. There is no mention of a preset or regulated tariff.

 Considerable Administrative Overheads

At present, an independent solar PV project developer needs to organize more than 30 permits and
acquiring such permits is quite a challenging task in Bangladesh. Therefore, such challenges and
obstacles need to be converted into transparent and quantifiable cost components

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology 19

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

 IMPENDING BARRIERS OF SOLAR CHARGING
STATION IMPLEMENTATION IN BANGLADESH.

 Too Long a Lock in Period

The lock in period for the investor (The lead partner) and operating partner is for at least up to the 6th year
of operation of the plant. This hinders many developers from being interested to invest in Bangladesh.

 Stringent Qualification Criteria for the developer

The requirement of operating experience is hindering local investors from developing large scale solar PV
projects. It takes time to select and appoint an operating partner and negotiate terms with them (the
operating partner needs to hold at least 20% of equity share holding), as so far none of the local business
entities has experience of operating solar PV projects.

 Land Related Barriers

There are very little non-agricultural lands that lie mostly in the northeastern part of the country, in the
riverbanks and islands, sand bars and in coastal regions. Again, these areas are far away from the national
grid facilities or limited by the grid capacity. So, operating a solar charging station with additional grid
support for 24/7 availability may not be possible in all areas. Very often it is found that the ownership of
suitable lands for solar PV projects is distributed among several hundred individuals. The legal acquisition of
land from several hundred owners requires a considerable amount of time.

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology 20

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

 IMPENDING BARRIERS OF SOLAR CHARGING
STATION IMPLEMENTATION IN BANGLADESH.
 Weather Related Barrier
Very often, Bangladesh experiences cyclones in the southern region due to its geographical location. This
creates the need for special precaution in the form of mounting structure design and the assembly, thus
increasing the project cost. Solar irradiation is moderate in Bangladesh, about 4.5 kWh (GHI) per m^2 per
day, which is also not available all through the year. During the long monsoon, the generation is highly
variable due to the frequent overcast sky. Dust accumulation on the solar panels is much higher in
Bangladesh compared to other countries, which results in higher O&M cost for the plants. Therefore, a
higher maintenance cost needs to be allocated in the project O&M budget, which also increases the cost of
electricity from solar PV projects.

 Financing and Business Models

Unlike the conventional IPP projects, capacity payment is absent in the solar IPP project. Solar plants
usually operate at 17–19% plant utilization factor. So, without capacity payments, all O&M, returns and
debt services needs to be covered from the sale of electricity from solar PV Power. It is not very
encouraging for foreign investors. So, if the return is not high enough the foreign investors are not
encouraged to invest.

 Non-Licensed Vehicle
There are no rules for registering EV in BRTA. But there should be a legal framework for promoting
sustainable environment through energy efficient method of EV use. The rules and regulations for EV
licensing should be designed by technical and some other means as like motorized vehicle.

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology 21

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

 IMPENDING BARRIERS OF SOLAR CHARGING
STATION IMPLEMENTATION IN BANGLADESH.

 Solar PV Waste Disposable Policy

Each solar appliance has a labelled lifetime. After that lifetime, the appliances need to be
disposed in proper ways. Currently there is no regulation for PV waste disposal.

 Technological Feasibility

 Additional Grid Support

 Hybrid Topology for effective operational hours
 Effective Charging Scheme
 Smart Card Billing System

 Other Technological Aspects

 Vehicle to Grid (V2G)

 Route Search: Range and Location
 Technical Standards Related Challenges
 Remote Data Management System
 Advanced Charging Control Architectures

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology 22

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

 GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS

 Developing A Favorable Policy Framework

Our suggestion is to set up a dedicated agency for solar charging station industry under
SREDA, that will speed up the establishment of solar charging stations and related
activities. This agency shall be responsible for:

 Site selection and land acquisition:

This organization with or without support from the governments will select the site and acquire
and develop the land for setting up the solar charging stations . For private entrepreneurs, there
will be provisions for long-term lease ensuring dispute free acquisition of land .

 Financial models:
This organization will be responsible for estimating the total cost of the project and then
formulating a recovery model to ensure the sustainability of the solar parks. It shall also be
allowed to put in its own equity, raise loans, create small corpus for working capital and invest in
the operation and maintenance of the parks, activities related to marketing and publicity

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology 23

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

 GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS

 Ensuring a Safe Financial Landscape

 The envisioned target must be met by merging the effort of both public and private sector.
 Since the solar market is still in the developing phase in Bangladesh, the private investors
understandably foresee higher risks to invest into such projects. In addition to existing
benefits, Other financial incentives, such as introducing innovative business models, lowering
interest rate, regulated NEM tariff/green certificates for small to medium scale investors,
provision for capacity payments, etc. can be considered for creating a safe financial
environment in the long run.

 Multiple international donor institutions can be approached for funding, including the
UNFCCC's Green Climate Fund, the Global Environmental Facility (GEF), and the World Bank's
Climate Investment Fund.

 Although present policy suggesting that the income tax to be waived for 12 years, our
recommendation is to extend this period to the payback period of the project.

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology 24

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

 GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS

Net Metering Provisions and Tarrif incentives

 Solar-powered charging stations with net metering can be prioritized to achieve net zero
scenario.

 At present only three phase consumers are eligible for net metering. Our recommendation
is Solar Charging stations are to be included in NEM policy

 Bangladesh Energy Regulatory Commission (BERC) has introduced a new tariff category
for charging stations, setting energy charge of 7.70 Tk./KWh along with an additional
demand charge of 40 Tk./KW/month. However, to promote the adoption of solar EVCS,
the tariff is recommended to be lower since solar charging stations are only going to use
them in case of bad weather or storage system maintenance scenario.

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology 25

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

 GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS

Role of BRTA: Licensing and modification of Existing EVs

 Ensure the roadworthiness of registered cars, particularly electric or environmentally
friendly vehicles, revise the existing motor vehicle act .
 Bring present two and three wheelers under licensing.
 Mandate modification of the existing EVs.
Competition with AC Charging Stations
 To meet the demand of these EVs, manufacturing companies are sure to install charging
stations. Besides to meet the demands of the govt. owned EVs (Public Transport) GOB
will also install charging stations.

 Our recommendation is to follow the “PSMP-2016” strictly which mandates that 10% of
all power should come from RE. Adhering to that fact 10% of all the charging stations
should be solar EV charging stations.

 To compete with the AC EV charging stations, the solar EVCSs are needed to be
equipped properly so that they may not fall behind the race.

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology 26

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

 GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS

 Solar Waste Disposal Policy

 Each solar appliance has a labelled lifetime. After that lifetime, the appliances need to
be disposed in proper ways, i.e., in ways that will be safe for the environment. Reduce,
Reuse, Recycle or, in short, the 3Rs can be handled in a better way if the processes are
made technically and financially viable.

 The average lifetime of solar module is around 20-−30 years, and of inverters is around
10−15 years. Charge controllers, batteries and related appliances have similar a lifetime.
An exit plan for those solar products needs to be under planning before the lifetime
ends. This can avoid environmental pollution.

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology 27

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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 The End!

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology 29

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering