CHILLER CONTROL PROJECT IFC II

VARIABLE FLOW PRIMARY PARALLEL CHILLER

CONFIGURATION
VARIABLE FLOW PRIMARY PARALLEL CHILLER
CONFIGURATION

EVAPORATOR SIDE
2813 Kw

2813 Kw

1758 Kw

879 Kw
VARIABLE FLOW PRIMARY PARALLEL CHILLER
CONFIGURATION

Water Flow Switch

Chilled Water Pump (VSD)
BTUh meter

EVAPORATOR SIDE

Chiller
Motorized Valve
Temperature Sensor
Pressure Sensor
Volumetric Flow Sensor
VARIABLE FLOW PRIMARY PARALLEL CHILLER
CONFIGURATION

EVAPORATOR SIDE
VARIABLE FLOW PRIMARY PARALLEL CHILLER
CONFIGURATION

Each pumps (evaporator, condenser), are equipped with pressure transducer

Pressure Transducer
VARIABLE FLOW PRIMARY PARALLEL CHILLER
CONFIGURATION

Volumetric Flow Sensor

Motorized Valve

CONDENSER SIDE

Cooling Tower
Temperature Sensor
VARIABLE FLOW PRIMARY PARALLEL CHILLER
CONFIGURATION

CONDENSER SIDE
CONCEPT

• The flow through the chillers is varied in response to the system load
PRESSURE INDEPENDENT BALANCING CONTROL VALVES

CONSTANT FLOW VARIABLE FLOW (IFC II)

Overflow
No overflow
M M

∆p

M M

70kpa

20% 60% 100% M M

Flow

VSD DP
MAIN PRINCIPAL

• The flow through the chillers is varied in response to the system load
• Variable Speed Drive / Inverter to minimize pumping energy
• At the same time we have to maintain the minimum flow required by
the chiller
• Each chillers must be equipped with a flow meter that is used to
measure flow through each chiller evaporator
• A bypass valve is required to maintain minimal flow equivalent to
about 30% of the flow through the largest chiller.
VARIABLE FLOW PRIMARY PARALLEL CHILLER
CONFIGURATION

Flow
Meter
EVAPORATOR SIDE

BYPASS VALVE
VARIABLE FLOW DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

P = q x ∆T Designed to be
relatively constant

Load %
Therefore variation of flowrate is
proportional to cooling load
VARIABLE FLOW
100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

Flowrate %
20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
VARIABLE FLOW PRIMARY PARALLEL CHILLER
CONFIGURATION

Total = 8263 kw How to select for best loading?

Chiller 1 = 2813 kw 100%
Chiller 2 = 2813 kw 100%
Load Chiller 3 = 1758 kw 66%
Chiller 4 = 879 kw 33%

4571 kw

3692 kw

2813 kw

1758 kw

879 kw

Flowrate %
33% 66% 100% 133% 166%
VARIABLE FLOW PRIMARY PARALLEL CHILLER
CONFIGURATION

EVAPORATOR SIDE

BTUH Meter
SEQUENCE OF OPERATION

START UP SEQUENCE
SEQUENCE OF OPERATION

SHUT DOWN SEQUENCE

SAFETY FEATURE

Start/Stop Initiation
• Delay between start up sequence

60 SECONDS
(Allow for circulation)

60 SECONDS
(Operating time for most butterfly valve DN600 and below at 50Hz)
SAFETY FEATURE

Start/Stop Initiation
• Delay between start up sequence
• Using feedback from previous cycle (Example below)
HYDRONIC – COMPONENT’S CONTROL

A bypass control valve must be modulated open when the flow rate through
Built-in controller
the last
1. Opens & closes operating
compressor’s vanechiller is reduced to its minimum level, as indicated by the
2. Vary compressor’s speed chiller manufacturer

Differential pressure sensor is installed across the most distance (or 2/3)
flow circuits and a minimum pressure setpoint is determined for each
circuit.

Then as the pump speed is reduced, if the pressure falls below the required
setpoint in the circuit , further reduction of pump speed is inhibited

Δp
COOLING TOWER OPERATION

• Capacity control is accomplished by a combination of water flow control and fan

cycling
• Condenser water supply temperature could be controlled by changing the fan speed
in direct proportion to the change in condenser water supply temperature
• With increasing load, the automatic isolation valve at each tower or tower cell
should be sequenced open so that flow is provided through all towers before any
tower fan is started.
• At light cooling load, maximizing the available heat transfer before running a fan is
more energy efficient
• The sequence is arranged to operate all cells on low speed before switching any cell
to high speed (more efficient)
HYDRONIC CONTROL – CONDENSER LOOP

TS

TS
HEAT EXCHANGER

C C C C C
C C C C C

HEAT EXCHANGER
FLOW DIRECTION

C C C C C
C C C C C

HEAT EXCHANGER
TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENT

6°C ΔT = 1°C
7°C

C C C C C
C C C C C

12°C

13°C
HEAT EXCHANGER
CONTROL STRATEGIES

Controller
TS

C C C C C
C C C C C

ΔP

HEAT EXCHANGER
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN HYDRONIC SYSTEM IS NOT WELL
BALANCED?

Increase pump speed for more flow

C C C C C
C C C C C

HEAT EXCHANGER
 Low ΔT Syndrome !
Power Output

100%

Undercapacity for coils !

Coil Characteristic
75%

50%
example : velocity 1m/s
25%

6°C 0%
Flow
16°C
7°C 0% 25% 50% 75% 100%

C C C C C
C C C C C

ΔT = 3°C

12°C
18°C

HEAT EXCHANGER 13°C

19°C
THANK YOU