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Unit 2: Suspension & Brakes System
Unit 2: Suspension & Brakes System
Examination Scheme:
Insem-30
Endsem-30
CE-20
Competency Skill: -20
11/8/21
Department of Mechanical Engineering, VIIT , Pune-48
Suspension System
Introduction:
• The automobile frame and body are mounted on the front
and rear axle not directly but through the springs and shock
absorbers.
• The assembly of parts, which perform the isolation of parts
from the road shocks, may be in the forms of bounce, pitch
and roll is called suspension system.
Note:
• suspension system consists of a spring and damper.
• The energy of road shock causes the spring to oscillate.
• These oscillations are restricted to a reasonable level by the
damper, which is more commonly called as shock
absorbers.
Rotations:
– A roll rotation about x-axis
– A pitch rotation about y-axis.
– A yaw rotation about z-axis.
• When the pressure of liquid in B rises sufficiently above that in A, then the rubber flap
valve which is loaded by the spring will open downwards thus allowing the fluid to pass from
B to A through the holes.
• Similarly to pass the fluid from A to B the damper valve functions accordingly.
• The fluid in B acts on the under side of the rubber element and through the hose pipe is
transmitted to the other wheel unit.
• The Canister Displacer unit in Hydraulic suspension is provided at the outside of the
rubber element, while the pot member at inside.
Independent
Suspension
Disadvantages
• Complex Design
• More Maintenance Cost
• More Wear and Tear
• Less Overall Strength
construction
hydraulic braking system is mainly confined with “brake fluid” this fluid consist
of Alcohol,castor oil & glycerin.hydraulic braking system has following
components.
master cylinder,brake pedal,wheel cylinder,brake drum,retracting spring,brake
shoe etc.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, VIIT , Pune-48
Working System
The brake pedal is connected to the master cylinder
by means of piston for application of brake driver
presses the brake pedal, which moves the master
cylinder.
In master cylinder pressure is instantly transferred to
all four wheels. The brakes shoe moves against the
brake drum to apply brakes.
When driver releases the brake pedal, the master
cylinder piston returns to its original position due to
return springs, dropping fluid pressure. Brake shoe
retracting spring pulls the brake shoe from drum to
their original position & brakes are released.
ROLE OF MASTER CYLINDER:
UNLOADER VALVE:
ITS IS DEVICE MAINTAIN CONSTANT
PRESSURE IN RESERVOIR.the excess of
pressure is safely removed.
Reservoir:
it’s a tank in which high
pressure air is stored
Brake Valve:
its is located between air
reservoir and brake cylinder
RELAY VALVE:
IT IS VALVE KEPT IN BETWEEN
BRAKE CHAMBER & AIR CHAMBER FOR
CONTROLLING THE AIR CHAMBER
Classification
Mechanical Braking System, brakes are available in following construction
1.Drum type 2.Disc type
Drum type Brake
There are generally of two types Internal
expanding drum brake.
External expanding drum brake.
Construction.
In Internal Expanding Drum
Brake consist of leading shoe,
anchor, adjustor, Heel of shoe,
trailing shoe, brake retracting
spring brake shoe, brake
shoe,toe shoe etc.
In internal expansion b raking
system brake liners are expands
internally
Its consist of stationary
plate,two shoes hinged at
anchor pins, and cam system to
expand the shoe and a retracting
spring.
Construction
IN external contracting brake drum has brake drum is used for only parking
purpose .this system consist of Drum, brake & lining, operating lever with
adjusting lever and push rod with returning spring.
External braking system is model braking system used to operate in floor mills,
various types of electrical components.
CONSTRUCTION
DISC Brake consist of cat iron disc bolted to the wheel hub and an
stationary housing called “caliper”. The caliper is connected with
some stationary part of position of vehicle, like stub or axle on of
wheel of connecting rod .
The piston rod is connected in between which has friction pad is being
held by an piston pins, springs etc.
Anti-lock braking system (ABS) is an automobile safety system that allows the
wheels on a motor vehicle to maintain tractive contact with the road surface according to
driver inputs while braking, preventing the wheels from locking up (ceasing rotation) and
avoiding uncontrolled skidding. It is an automated system that uses the principles of threshold
braking and cadence braking which were practiced by skillful drivers with previous
generation braking systems. It does this at a much faster rate and with better control than a
driver could manage
ABS generally offers improved vehicle control and decreases stopping distances on dry
and slippery surfaces for many drivers; however, on loose surfaces like gravel or snow-
covered pavement, ABS can significantly increase braking distance, although still improving
vehicle control.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, VIIT , Pune-48
Working of Anti Braking System
The anti-lock brake controller is also known as
the CAB (Controller Anti-lock Brake).
When the ABS is in operation the driver will feel a pulsing in the brake pedal;
this comes from the rapid opening and closing of the valves. This pulsing
also tells the driver that the ABS has been triggered. Some ABS systems
can cycle up to 16 times per second.
Hand Brake/ Parking Brake
• In road vehicles, the parking brake, also called hand brake,
emergency brake, or e-brake, is used to keep the vehicle
stationary and in many cases also perform an emergency stop.
• Parking brakes on older vehicles often consist of a cable
connected to two wheel brakes at one end and the other end
to a pulling mechanism which is operated with the driver's
hand or foot.
• In the more-traditional "cable-pulling" type, an electric motor
simply pulls the emergency brake cable on the push or pull
of a button rather than a mechanical pedal or handle in the
cabin.