Topic: 

"Past civilization”
Kazakh Khanate

Performed: Zhakhayeva Elmira

The Kazakh Khanate was a successor of the Golden Horde existing
from the 15th to 19th century, centered on the eastern parts of the 
Desht-i Qipchaq.
The khanate was established by Janibek Khan and Kerei Khan
 around 1465. Both khans came from Turco-Mongol clan of Tore
 which traces its lineage to Genghis Khan through dynasty of Jochids
. The Tore clan continued to rule the khanate until its fall to 
Russian Empire.
 From 16th to 17th century, the Kazakh Khanate ruled and expanded its
territories to eastern Cumania (modern-day West Kazakhstan), to most
of Uzbekistan, Karakalpakstan and the Syr Darya river with military
confrontation as far as Astrakhan and Khorasan Province, which are
now in Russia and Iran, respectively. The Kazakhs invaded the 
Khanate of Bukhara and conquered several Uzbek cities such as 
Bukhara, Samarqand. The Khanate was later weakened by a series of 
Oirat and Dzungar invasions. These resulted in a decline and further
disintegration into three Juzes, which gradually lost their sovereignty
and were incorporated to the expanding Russian Empire.
The establishment of the Kazakh Khanate marked the beginning of
Kazakh statehood whose 550th anniversary was celebrated in 2015.
 History
In 1227, a proto-Kazakh state was formed within the 
Golden Horde in the steppe, which was the White Horde. After
its separation from the Golden Horde in 1361, the White Horde
became an independent state for a certain period of time,
sometimes uniting with the Blue Horde to reestablish the
Golden Horde. However, after the death of Khan of the Golden
Horde, Barak Khan in 1428 the Golden Horde became
fragmented, and the White Horde itself was divided into the 
Uzbek Khanate and the Nogai Horde (descendants of ruling
Mongol tribes), the remaining land was divided between
Mustafa Khan in the south and Mohammed Khan in the north. 
 The Uzbek Khanate, which dominated most of present-day
Kazakhstan, was ruled by Abu'l-Khayr Khan who conspired in
killing Barak Khan. Under Abu’l-Khayr Khan's leadership, the
Uzbek Khanate became a corrupt, unstable, and weak state that
often dealt with internal problems. To make matters worse, the
khanate itself was raided by Oirats who pillaged nomadic
settlements and major cities where they were looted, damaged,
and had civilians massacred. Peace was made in 1457 between
the Uzbeks and the Oirats where Abu’l-Khayr Khan suffered a
severe defeat which made him lose reputation among the
Uzbeks.
 Kerey (1459-1473) became the first khan of the Kazakh Khanate. The period from
1480 to 1490s became a time of fierce struggle for the towns near Syrdarya. The
territory of the Kazakh Khanate gradually expanded and included in its composition
the historical cities of the state of Abu-l-Khair-khan - Sygnak, Suzak, etc.

The reign of Kasim Khan (1511-1518) was the heyday of the early Kazakh
Khanate. He succeeded in subjugating a number of cities in modern South
Kazakhstan, expanding possessions in the regions adjacent to the Caspian Sea, as
well as on the territory of Semirechye. The state of Kasim Khan became one of the
strongest political formations in East Desht-i Kipchak.
 Kazakh Khanate under Khak-Nazar

Khak-Nazar-khan began to unite the Kazakh lands. He returned the northern regions of Sary-
Arka to the Kazakh Khanate. Starting a campaign against the Nogai horde, he recaptured the city
of Saraishyk and the surrounding Kazakh territories from the Nogays. In the fight against the
Khivans, he conquered the Mangyshlak (Mangystau) peninsula. He successfully reflected the
campaigns of the Oirats. Khak-Nazar-khan begins a campaign against Moghulistan with the aim
of the final incorporation of Semirechye into the Kazakh Khanate. The campaign was successful
and was completed with the complete defeat of Moghulistan.
Thank you for the attention!!!