THE POWER OF

MEDIA AND
INFORMATION TO
AFFECT CHANGE
MEDIA AND INFORMATION
LITERACY QUARTER 4
o r D r ag and
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• The digital world provides
great opportunities to
improve life for all its users.
It has beneficial effects on
education, the working
world and economic growth.
• With ease in access and
storage of information, it has
hugely increased the
INTRODUCT
information resources
available to people of all
ION
ages.

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How many people use social media in the world?
(statista.com)
► Social media usage is one of the most
popular online activities. In 2020, an
estimated 3.6 billion people were using
social media worldwide, a number
projected to increase to almost 4.41 billion
in 2025.
► Social network penetration is constantly
increasing worldwide and as of January
2020 stood at 49 percent.
► This figure is anticipated to grow as lesser
developed digital markets catch up with
other regions when it comes to
infrastructure development and the
availability of cheap mobile devices. In
fact, most of social media’s global growth
is driven by the increasing usage of mobile
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 DEFINITION OF TERMS
► Digital Access – having full electronic
participation in society. However, this is
not the case, as poverty and social
exclusion, among others, limit the access
of a significant fraction in Philippine
society
► Digital Communication – the electronic
exchange of information through various
platforms and channels
► Digital Commerce – the sale and
purchase of goods and services using
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mobile phones

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 DEFINITION OF TERMS
► Digital Etiquette – the commonly
regarded as appropriate and respectful
behavior when using information
technologies
► Digital Law – the legal environment that
informs and guides the users about the
ethical and productive use of society,
defined as abiding with the laws of society
► Digital Wellness – the protection of users
from what could be potentially deleterious
to their physical, physiological, and even
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 DEFINITION OF TERMS
► Digital Etiquette – the commonly regarded
as appropriate and respectful behavior when
using information technologies
► Digital Law – the legal environment that
informs and guides the users about the
ethical and productive use of society,
defined as abiding with the laws of society
► Digital Wellness – the protection of users
from what could be potentially deleterious
to their physical, physiological, and even
psychological well-being
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Ipsum ► Digital Security – the entire range of safety
precautions that information technologies
invoke, from virus protection to data
protection
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Challenges and risks related to online content

1. Age-inappropriate content
2. Illegalcontent
3. Lack of verification of content
4. Incitement of harm
5. Infringement of human rights /
defamation
6. Inappropriate advertisement and
marketing to children:
7. Privacy

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Risks related to online contact

1.Harmful advice
2.Identity theft
3.Money theft/phishing
4.Commercial fraud
5.Disclosing private information
6.Profiling
7.Privacy

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 THE
IMPACT OF
MASSIVE
OPEN
ONLINE
COURSE
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What are MOOCs?
► MOOCs are courses delivered online and
accessible to all for free.
► MOOC stands for massive open online
course:
■ • Massive because enrollments are unlimited
and can run into hundreds of thousands.
■ • Open because anyone can enroll — that is,
there is no admission process.
■ • Online because they are delivered via the
internet.
■ • Course because their goal is to teach a specific
subject.
► MOOCs typically comprise video lessons,
readings, assessments, and discussion
forums.
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Who makes MOOCs?
► Most MOOCs are made by universities.
Some of the first and most active MOOC
makers are Stanford, MIT, and Harvard.
► Some MOOCs are made by companies,
such as Microsoft or Google, or by
various organizations, such as IEEE or the
Linux Foundation.
► In the Philippines, the Massive Open
Distance e-Learning (MODeL) is the
official MOOC platform of the University
of the Philippines – Open University.

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Where can I take MOOCs?
► Although MOOCs are created by
universities, universities rarely
distribute MOOCs themselves.
Instead, they rely on course
providers such as:
■ • Coursera
■ • edX
■ • FutureLearn
■ • Udacity
► So, it’s on those platforms and
others that students take MOOCs.

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When do MOOCs start?

► Some MOOCs can be started at any

time. Others start at regular intervals
— every few weeks or months.
► Some are seldom offered —
sometimes reappearing after a year
of absence. Finally, some stop being
offered entirely.

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How long to complete a MOOC?

► MOOCs range in length from 1 to

16 weeks.
► Most provide an estimate of the
weekly time commitment, although
this may vary significantly from one
student to another

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How are students tested in
MOOCs?
► MOOCs can include:
►• Auto-graded quizzes — that is,
quizzes that are automatically
graded upon submission, such as
multiple-choice questions.
► • Peer-feedback assignments — that
is, assignments that are graded by
other students according to a
specific rubric.
► Your performance on these
assignments then determines your
overall course grade.
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How long to complete a MOOC?

► MOOCs range in length from 1 to

16 weeks.
► Most provide an estimate of the
weekly time commitment, although
this may vary significantly from one
student to another

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Can I earn a credential for finishing a
MOOC?
► If you finish a MOOC with a passing
grade, you may earn a certificate of
completion. Sometimes, the certificate is
free. But more often, you have to pay for
it.
► Paid certificates often require ID
verification, which involves sending a
picture of yourself and a government-
issued ID.
► To give you an example, here’s how edX
verified certificates look.
► Note that some courses offer free trials

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Are there paid components to MOOCs?
► Beside certificates, other MOOC components
may be hidden behind a paywall — for instance,
graded assignments.
► MOOCs often offer two enrollment options:
► • Free Auditing — which gives you access to
videos, readings, and forums for free.
► • Paid Enrollment — which gives you access to
all the content, including paywalled elements
such as the certificate of completion.
► A small number of courses are pay-only.
► Note that online courses that involve paywalls are
still often referred to as ‘MOOCs’ despite not
being truly ‘open’ anymore.

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Are there other restrictions on MOOC
access?
► Some course providers restrict
enrollment to people over the age of 13
years. Parents may complete courses
with their children. Some MOOCs may
be unavailable countries because of trade
restrictions or government policies

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Can I contact the MOOC instructor?
► Interaction between instructors and
students is minimal or non-existent in
MOOCs. Many courses have mentors
monitoring the course forums.
Occasionally, instructors may contribute
to the discussion.
► Students are encouraged to help each
other by answering questions. You are
not allowed to post quiz answers, but
you may recommend helpful resources,
so struggling students can work out the
answer for themselves.

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What to consider before taking a MOOC?
► Before starting any MOOCs, it helps to
understand just why you want to enroll.
► Do you want to take a MOOC to:
► • Switch careers?
► • Gain a promotion?
► • Become better at your job?
► • Improve your job prospects?
► • Or, simply for the pleasure of learning?

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Advantages of MOOC
► Anyone can overcome geographical limitations
with MOOCs because learners don’t have to be
there to study. This gives access to learning,
without the degrees and diplomas.
► • It’s also relatively cheap to get the certificate, and
some sites like edX don’t even require you to pay
for the certificate first before giving all the content.
► • The MOOC content remains there, so on the part
of the teacher, all users’ need is audio video
recordings of teaching, and learners are good to go.
► • You don’t need to edit your materials much nor
repeat it to different classes.

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Disadvantages of MOOC
► The assessment in MOOC is scant and
shallow, given the number of students
who take it, and it even lacks feedback.
► • Formal education in the Philippines is
outcomes-based for the tertiary level,
and it has traces of it in the basic
education level, where performance
tasks are a major requirement. MOOCs
cannot assess performance tasks. It is
usually objective-type tests, like
multiple choices.

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