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PROJECT OF
COMPUTER
HARDWARE
COMPUTER
m A computer is a device that accept information and manipulates it for
some result based on program of instruction on data is to be
processed. The two principal characteristics of a computer are: It
responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner. It
can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program).

HARDWARE
HARDWARE + SOFTWARE
= COMPUTER
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 MEANING OF HARDWARE
m All components of the computer that you can
feel and touch and more like see, these
include the monitor, the keyboard, the
speakers, the mouse and the CPU and all that
is unit are all referred to as the hardware.
m Generally it refer to the physicals artifacts of a
technology which means physicals component
of a computer system.
 PARTS OF HARDWARE
v.MOTHERBOARD

It is the body of computer . Component are directly

attached to the motherboard .
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The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer. Modern CPU's are
what are called 'integrated chips'. The idea of an integrated chip is that several
processing components are integrated into a single piece of silicon. Without the
CPU, you have no computer. The CPU is composed of thousands of transistors. It
is the chip set which mediates communication between „
and other
component of system including main memory

B:RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY(RAM):

  or
 is the memory that the computer uses to

temporarily store the information as it is being processed. The more
information being processed the more RAM the computer needs.
One of the first home computers used 64 kilobytes of RAM memory
(Commodore 64). Today's modern computers need a minimum of 64 Mb
(recommended v
Mb or more) to run Windows or OS v with modern
software.
 .POWER SUPPLY

The component that supplies power to a computer. Most personal computers can
be plugged into standard electrical outlets. The power supply then pulls the
required amount of electricity and converts the AC current to DC current. It also
regulates the voltage to eliminate spikes and surges common in most electrical
systems. Not all power supplies, however, do an adequate voltage-regulation job,
so a computer is always susceptible to large voltage fluctuations. It include power
code switch and cooling fans. supply͛s power at appropriate voltage to mother
board at internal drive.
3. VIDEO DISPLAY CONTROLLER

A device that accepts video signals from a computer and provides information in a visual
form. It produces the output for video display unit.
4. Removable Media Devices
A. COMPACT Disc
A compact disc [sometimes called !
] (CD) is a small, portable, round medium made of
molded polymer (close in size to the floppy disk) for electronically recording, storing, and
playing back audio, video, text, and other information in digital form. Tape cartridges and CDs
generally replaced the phonograph record for playing back music. At home, CDs have tended
to replace the tape cartridge although the latter is still widely used in cars and portable
playback devices.
 B. Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)
Digital versatile disc (DVD) is a popular storage format for movies, games and software.
The rate of acceptance of the DVD format developed faster than any previous storage format
historically. With a storage capacity of 5- gigabytes, depending on the format used, there has
been sufficient capacity to re-establish the way we watch movies, play video games, as well as
many other potential applications. As successful as this technology has become, it is not
underway to assist this technology in its ever-changing evolution.

C. BLU ray Disc

BL  (not Blue-ray) also known as B l u-ray Disc (BD), is the name of a next-generation optical
disc format jointly developed by the B l u-ray Disc Association (BDA), a group of the world's
leading consumer electronics, personal computer and media manufacturers (including Apple,
Dell, Hitachi, HP, JVC, LG, Mitsubishi, Panasonic, Pioneer, Philips, Samsung, Sharp, Sony, TDK and
Thomson). The format was developed to enable recording, rewriting and playback of high-
definition video (HD), as well as storing large amounts of data. The format offers more than five
times the storage capacity of traditional DVDs and can hold up to 5GB on a single-layer disc
and 5GB on a dual-layer disc. This extra capacity combined with the use of advanced video and
audio codec's will offer consumers an unprecedented HD experience.
D. Floppy Disc
A floppy disc is a data storage medium that is composed of a disk of thin, flexible ("floppy")
magnetic storage medium encased in a square or rectangular plastic shell.
Floppy disks are read and written by a floppy disc drive or FDV the initials of which should not
be confused with "fixed disk drive", which is another term for a (non removable) type of hard
disk drive . Invented by the American information technology company IBM floppy disks in

inch, 5¼ inch and 3½ inch forms enjoyed nearly three decades as a popular and ubiquitous
form of data storage and exchange, from the mid-v͛sto the latevs
E.ZIP DRIVE
The †
  is a medium-capacity removable disk storage system, introduced by lomega in
late v4. Originally, Zip disks launched with capacities of v MB but later versions increased
this to first 5 MB and then 5 MB.
The format became the most popular of the super-floppy type products which filled a niche in
the late vs portable storage market. However it was never popular enough to replace the
3.5-inch floppy disk nor could ever match the storage size available on rewritable CDs and
later rewritable DVDs.USB flash drives ultimately proved to be the better rewritable storage
medium among the general public due to common availability of USB ports built into most
models of personal computer
 F. USB FLASH DRIVE
A small, portable flash memory card that plugs into a computer͛s USB port and functions as a
portable hard drive. USB flash drives are touted as being easy-to-use as they are small enough
to be carried in a pocket and can plug into any computer with a USB drive USB flash drives
have less storage capacity than an external hard drive, but they are smaller and more durable
because they do not contain any internal moving parts.

G.INTERNAL STORAGE
A term used to describe any location where information can be held permanently in general
term hardware that keeps data inside computer for later use and remain constant even when
computer has no power.
H.HARD DISK

A hard disk is part of a unit, often called a "disk drive," "hard drive," or ͞hard disk drive,"
that stores and provides relatively quick access to large amounts of data on an
electromagnetically charged surface or set of surfaces. Today's computers typically come
with a hard disk that contains several billion bytes (gigabytes) of storage.
 I. SOUND CARD
An expansion board that enables a computer to manipulate and output sounds. Sound
cards are necessary for nearly all CD-ROMs and have become commonplace on modern
personal computer. Sound cards enable the computer to output sound through speakers
connected to the board, to record sound input from a microphone connected to the
computer, and manipulate sound stored on a disk.

J. NETWORKING
In information technology, networking is the construction, design, and use of a network,
including the physical (cabling, hub, bridge, switch, router, and so forth), the selection
and use of telecommunication protocol and computer software for using and managing
the network, and the establishment of operation policies and procedures related to the
network. . Computer networking is the engineering discipline concerned with the
communication between computer systems or devices. A computer network is any set of
computers or devices connected to each other with the ability to exchange data.