Top. Loc. Mag. Sol. Com. Mem.

Topic IV

Local Attraction
A Presentation by: BSCE-21
Top. Loc. Mag. Sol. Com. Mem.

Local Attraction

Local attraction is the phenomenon by which the

magnetic needle is constantly prevented to point
towards the magnetic north at a place. ... The
occurrence of local attraction can be detected by
observing the difference between the fore and back
bearings.
 Top. Loc. Mag. Sol. Com. Mem.

Local Attraction
Metallic objects
and direct-current
electricity, both of
which cause a
local attraction,
affect the main
magnetic field.
Top. Loc. Mag. Sol. Com. Mem.

Topic IV

Magnetic Dip
A Presentation by: BSCE-21
Top. Loc. Mag. Sol. Com. Mem.

Magnetic Dip
• The magnetic dip is defined as the angle made with
the horizontal by the earth’s magnetic field lines. It is
also known as dip angle or magnetic inclination and
was discovered by Georg Hartmann in the year 1544.
Top. Loc. Mag.
Typ. Sol. Com. Mem.

Magnetic Dip
When the inclination is positive it indicates that the
earth’s magnetic lines are pointing downward in the
Northern Hemisphere and when the inclination is
negative it indicates that the earth’s magnetic lines
are pointing upward in the Southern Hemisphere.
Top. Loc. Mag. Sol. Com. Mem.

Earth’s Magnetic Field

Magnetic dip results from the tendency of a magnet to align
itself with lines of magnetic field. As the Earth's magnetic field
lines are not parallel to the surface:
• the north end of a compass needle will point downward in
the northern hemisphere (positive dip)
• upward in the southern hemisphere (negative dip).
Intro. Unde. Typ. In Or. In Sa. Mem.

Earth’s Magnetic Field

Earth’s Magnet – Angle of
Dip
-is angle between
intensity of Earth’s
magnetic field B and
Horizon (Surface of Earth).
Top. Loc. Mag. Sol. Com. Mem.

Solutions
H- Horizontal Earth’s Surface
Horizontal component of Earth’s magnetic field.

Angle of
B
Dip

Bv
B Bsin

H= Bcos
Top. Loc. Mag. Sol. Com. Mem.

Dip Circle
Dip Circle
- dip circle, also called Dip Needle or Inclinometer is an
instrument for measuring the inclination, or dip, of the
Earth's magnetic field. It consists essentially of a magnetic
needle pivoted at the center of a graduated circle.
Top. Loc. Mag. Sol. Com. Mem.

DOT CIRCLE
Top. Loc. Mag. Sol. Com. Mem.

Topic IV

Compass Surveys
A Presentation by: BSCE-21
Top. Loc. Mag. Sol. Com. Mem.

Compass Surveys
• Compass surveying is the branch of surveying in which the position
of an object is located using angular measurements determined by a
compass and linear measurements using a chain or tape.
Top. Loc. Mag. Sol. Com. Mem.

Compass Surveys
Compass surveying is used in following circumstances:
 If the surveying area is large, chain surveying is not adopted for surveying
rather compass surveying is employed.
 If the plot for surveying has numerous obstacles and undulations which
prevents chaining.
 If there is a time limit for surveying, compass surveying is usually adopted
Top. Loc. Mag. Sol. Com. Mem.

Magnetic Compass
Magnetic compass is used to find out the magnetic bearing
of survey lines. The bearings may either measured in Whole
Circle Bearing (W.C.B) system or in Quadrantal Bearing
(Q.B) system based on the type of compass used.
Intro. Unde. Good. In Or. In Sa. Mem.

Surveyors Compass
Surveyor’s compass consists of a circular brass box containing a
magnetic needle which swings freely over a brass circle which is
divided into 360 degrees. The horizontal angle is measured using a
pair of sights located on north – south axis of the compass. They are
usually mounted over a tripod and leveled using a ball and socket
mechanism.
Intro. Unde. Good. In Or. In Sa. Mem.

Magnetic Compass
Intro. Unde. Good. In Or. In Sa. Mem.

Magnetic Compass
The basic principle of magnetic compass is if a strip of steel
or iron is magnetized and pivoted exactly at center so that it
can swing freely, then it will establish itself in the magnetic
meridian at the place of arrangement.
Intro. Unde. Good. In Or. In Sa. Mem.

Magnetic Compass
 Top. Loc. Mag. Sol. Com. Mem.

A traverse is a series of consecutive lines whose ends have been

marked in the field and whose lengths and directions have been
determined from observations. In traditional surveying by ground
methods, traversing, the act of marking the lines, that is, establishing
traverse stations and making the necessary observations, is one of the
most basic and widely practiced means of determining the relative
locations of points.
 Top. Loc. Mag. Sol. Com. Mem.

Traverse stations often must be found and reoccupied months or even

years after they are established.

Traverse line— A method of surveying in which the lengths and

directions of lines between points on the Earth are obtained by or from
field measurements and used in determining positions of the points.
Top. Loc. Mag. Sol. Com. Mem.

Members:

Aldwen Labial – Leader | Angela Tuazon – Lay-out Artist

Wyvenn Duran – Researcher | Kalvin Horserada – Researcher