DEFINITION OF MYTH

• ETYMOLOGY:
• MUTHOS: CERITA, KISAH, STORY.
• MYTHOLOGY: URAIAN TENTANG MUTHOS.

• REALISME OF MYTH:
• MYTH TELLS/RELATES THE SACRED HISTORY, SEQUENCE
OF PRIMORDIAL EVENTS, IN THE BEGINNING OF TIME,
OF EVERYTHING.
• MYTH TELLS/RELATES THE ACT OF THE SUPERNATURAL
BEINGS IN CREATING THE WORLD AND UNIVERSE.
• THE AGENTS IN MYTHS ARE THE SUPERNATURAL
BEINGS WHO IS IN CHARGE OF THE PRESENT
CONDITION OF THE UNIVERSE.
• IN THAT SENSE MYTHS IS CLOSELY CONNECTED WITH
DIVINE BEINGS AND REVEALS THE SACREDNESS OF
THEIR WORKS AND PRESENCE.
MYTH AND FABEL (COMMON
STORY)
• MYTH IS A GENUINE STORY.
• E.G: STORY OF THE BEGINNING OF EVERY
THING.
• THE AGENTS, PROTAGONIST:
• SUPERNATURAL OR DIVINE BEINGS, THE
CELESTIAL BEINGS.
• MYTH IS:
• A STORIES ABOUT THE MIRACULOUS
EXPERIENCES OF THE HEROES THAT BECOME
THE SAVER OF THE NATION.
• A STORIES ABOUT THE BEGINNING OF THE
EXISTENCE OF A CERTAIN PROFESIONAL
ORGANIZATION (MEDICAL DOCTORS).
• FABEL:
• IS A FALSE STORIES, ONLY MADE UP
STORIES.
FUNCTION OF MYTH
• EXISTENTIAL FUNCTION OF MYTH
• MENETAPKAN KEPERCAYAAN TERTENTU
• BERPERAN SEBAGAI PERISTIWA PEMULA
DALAM UPACARA SUCI
• MENJADI MODEL TETAP UNTUK PERILAKU
MORAL DAN RELIGIUS.
• FUNGSI UTAMA MITOS DALAM BUDAYA ASLI:
• MENGUNGKAPKAN, MENGANGKAT,
MERUMUSKAN KEPERCAYAAN (150).
• MELINDUNGI, MEMPERKUAT MORALITAS.
• MENJADI EFISIENSI RITUS
• MEMBERI PERATRURAN2 PRAKTIS UNTUK
TUNTUTN MANUSIA.
• IN A WORD:
• MITOS MENATA MASYARAKAT,
• BAHKAN MENCIPTA MASYARAKAT.
VARIOUS KINDS OF MYTHS
MARIASUSAI DHAVAMONY (154-162): SIX KINDS OF MYTHS
•CREATION MYTH (MITOS PENCIPTAAN)
• MITOS PENCIPTAAN ALAM SEMESTA DARI TIADA
•COSMOGONIC MYTH (MITOS KOSMOGONIK)
• MITOS PENCIPTAAN ALAM SEMESTA DARI BAHAN YG ADA
•MYTH OF ORIGIN (MITOS ASAL-USUL)
• MITOS TENTANG AWAL-MULA, ASAL-USUL SEGALA SESUATU.
•MYTH OF GODS AND SUPERNATURAL BEINGS
• MITOS TENTANG DEWA YANG PERGI LALU DIGANTI PEMBANTUNYA
•ANTHROPOGENIC MYTH (MITOS ANTROPOGENIK)
• MITOS TENTANG PENCIPTAAN MANUSIA (ANTROPOS)
•TRANSFORMATIONAL MYTH (MITOS TENTANG TRANSFORMASI)
• MITOS TENTANG PERUBAHAN DUNIA DAN MANUSIA
 CREATION MYTH
• CREATIO EX NIHILO:
• CREATION FROM NOTHING;
• MENCIPTA DARI TIADA MENJADI ADA.
• BY THE POWER OF THE WORD
• BY THE POWER OF THE MIND, THOUGHT.
• KUN FAYA KUN,
• SIMSALABIM.
• ITS MAIN IDEA:
• TO EXPLAIN THAT THE UNIVERSE WAS
DIRECTLY COME FROM THE CREATOR,
WITHOUT ANY MEDIATOR OR
MEDIATRIX.
 COSMOGONIC MYTH
CREATE USING THE AVAILABLE MATTER.
CREATE WITH THE HELP OF A MEDIATOR
THERE ARE THREE KINDS OF IT:
• MYTH OF “COSMOGONIC DIVING”
(PENYELAMAN)
• MYTH OF “PRIMORDIAL DIVISION OF THE
MATTER”
1. MYTH OF THE PARENTS OF THE WORLD
2. MYTH OF A PRIMORDIAL LAND
3. MYTH OF THE PRIMORDIAL UNITY OF
EVERYTHING
• MYTH OF “PRIMORDIAL KILLING”
1. KILLING FOR OFFERING THE SACRIFICE
2. KILLING IN THE FORM OF A PRIMORDIAL
STRUGGLE
 MYTH OF ORIGIN
• CONTINUING AND COMPLETING
COSMOGONIC MYTH
• SO: STARTED WITH COSMOGONIC MYTH
• TIBET: THE MYTH OF COMING OUT OF AN
EGG
• POLYNESIA:
• THE PRACTICE OF SINGING THE CREATION
MYTH DURING THE PREGNANCY OF A
NOBLE LADY.
• MYTH OF NATURAL DISASTER
• MYTH OF ANNIHILATION AT THE END OF
TIME.
• MYTH OF THE PRIMORDIAL GREAT FLOOD
(NOAH)
• AFTER CREATING THE WORLD AND HUMAN
BEING, THE GOD ALMIGHTY LEAVES THEM
AND RETURN TO A FAR AWAY HEAVEN.
• THE WORK OF CREATION WAS CONTINUED
BY THE SUPERNATURAL BEINGS.
• A MYTH OF MYTHIC-ARCHAIC-PRIMORDIAL
ROPE WHICH IS BROKEN: DISTANTIATION.
• THE PRERQUISITE FOR THE EXISTENCE MYTH OF GODS
OF LIFE. AND
• BUT THE PRIMORDIAL-ROPE ALSO SUPERNATURAL
MEANS THAT THERE IS A CLOSE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMAN BEINGS
BEING AND GODS.
• THEY LIVE IN HARMONY: UNIVERSAL
HARMONY, GOD, HUMAN BEING,
ANIMALS, AND FLORAS.
 ANTHROPOGENIC MYTH

• GOD CREATES HUMAN BEING

FROM A MATTER.
• MATTER: E.G:
• MUD, STONE, SOIL,
ANIMAL, SOME
PRIMORDIAL PLANTS.
• CREATED BY FATHER ABOVE
AND MOTHER BELOW VIA
THEIR COSMIC SACRED
INTERCOURSE.
• BORN OF A HERMAPHRODITE
GOD.
MYTH OF DEATH
•J.G.FRAZER: FOUR KINDS OF DEAD MYTH
• MYTH OF TWO HEAVENLY ENVOYS: BUNGLON
(ETERNAL LIFE) AND LYZARD (DEATH). LYZARD:
ARRIVE EARLIER – DEATH.
• MYTH OF THE MOON WITH A DIMMING DOWN
LIGHT AND WIPE OUT (DARKNESS)
• MYTH OF THE SNAKE WITH ITS OUTER SKIN.
(FROM MELANESIA)
• MYTH OF THE “BANANA TREE” (FROM POSO)
•OTHER VARIANTS OF AFRICAN BACKGROUND
• MYTH OF THE PRIMORDIAL PACKAGE (OF DEATH
AND LIFE).
• DEATH AS A CONSEQUENCES OF HUMAN
DISOBEDIENCE TO GOD
TRANSFORMATIONAL MYTH
• IT IS ABOUT THE CHANGE OF THE WORLD AND
HUMAN BEING.
• MYTH ABOUT THE CELESTIAL BODIES, THE
ORIGIN OF THE SUN AND MOON.
• MYTH ON THE HEROES AND HEROINES.
• THOSE HEROES INFORM TO HUMAN BEING ON
THE FUNDAMENTALS OF THEIR SOCIETY AND
CULTURE: FIRE, FAMILIAL STRUCTURE AND
ORGANIZATION, LAW AND GOVERNMENT, AND
SOME MORAL NORMS.
• USUALLY CALLED:
• MYTH OF THE CULTURAL HEROES, HEROINES.
• MYTH OF THE LIERS: READ IT (P.161-162).

• PERSONAL TASK:
• FIND YOUR MYTH AND SHARE IT FOR US.