Lecture 3: Project Management

By Dr. Edward Ssenyange

Topics to be Covered
• Outputs

• Output Indicators

• Means of verification of Output

Indicators

By Dr. Edward Ssenyange,

Topics to be Covered
• Outcomes

• Outcome indicators

• Means of verification of Outcome

Indicators

By Dr. Edward Ssenyange,

Topics to be Covered
• Impact indicators

• Means of verification of Impact

Indicators

By Dr. Edward Ssenyange,

Outputs
• Outputs are a quantitative summary
of an activity i.e. for a training’ and
the output is ‘50 people trained to
ToT level 3’

By Dr. Edward Ssenyange,

Outputs
• An output is evidence that an activity
has taken place

By Dr. Edward Ssenyange,

Output Indicators
• Output indicators are a more detailed
quantitative breakdown of the
quantitative output

By Dr. Edward Ssenyange,

Output Indicators
• For instance from above, the
indicator of ‘50 people trained to ToT
level 3’ can be 30 men and 20 women
trained in Mother to Child HIV/AIDs
transmission

By Dr. Edward Ssenyange,

Output Indicators
• Indicators provide a means of
measuring the results or outcomes of
activities related to the objectives,
and so, set a standard against which
to measure progress

By Dr. Edward Ssenyange,

Output Indicators
• Indicators should be:

• Founded on facts and therefore

Valid in terms of being real and
effective

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By Dr. Edward Ssenyange,

Output Indicators
• Having trustworthy sources creates
Reliabilty

• Relevant in terms of being closely

linked to the objective

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By Dr. Edward Ssenyange,

Output Indicators
Indicators should be:
• Sensitive in terms of being unlikely
to cause offence

• Specific in terms of expressing

precise qualities or quantities
wherever possible
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By Dr. Edward Ssenyange,

Output Indicators
Indicators should be:
• Cost-effective in terms of promoting
affordable but useful research

• The indicator should not require

expensive undertaking of research

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By Dr. Edward Ssenyange,

 Output Indicators

Indicators should be:

• Timely in terms of occurring at an
opportune or appropriate time

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By Dr. Edward Ssenyange,

 Output Indicators

Indicators should be: continued

• The output indicator should not be

realized several months or years later
otherwise it will seize to be an output
indicator – perhaps it may qualify to
be referred to as an outcome indicator

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By Dr. Edward Ssenyange,

Output Indicators

Indicators should be: continued

• Indicators can be quantitative
or qualitative

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By Dr. Edward Ssenyange,

Output Indicators

Indicators should be: continued

• Where the objective is to achieve a

directly measurable change, such
as to run 10 training programs, a
quantitative indicator is sufficient

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By Dr. Edward Ssenyange,

Output Indicators
Indicators should be: continued
• However, if the objective is to train
effective health or extension workers

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By Dr. Edward Ssenyange,

Output Indicators
Indicators should be: continued
• Then qualitative indicators become
relevant i.e. measurement of the
trainees' satisfaction, or the
subsequent use of their expertise by
their clients

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By Dr. Edward Ssenyange,

Means of verification of
Output Indicators
• Means of Verification (MOVs) are
the pieces of information which show
that the standard set by the indicators
has been reached

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By Dr. Edward Ssenyange,

Means of verification of
Output Indicators
• For the increased enrolment of girl
students, for example, the means of
verification might be Ministry of
Education statistics, school enrolment
figures, and reports from local
councils

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By Dr. Edward Ssenyange,

Outcome Indicators
• Outcome indicators measure whether
the program is achieving the expected
effects or changes in the short,
intermediate, and long term

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By Dr. Edward Ssenyange,

Outcome Indicators
• Since outcome indicators reveal the
changes that occur over time it makes
them different from output indicators

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By Dr. Edward Ssenyange,

Outcome Indicators
• Outcome indicators should be
measured at baseline (before the
program/project begins) and at the
end of the project and this way reveal
the change in terms of a decline or
increase

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By Dr. Edward Ssenyange,

Means of verification of
Outcome Indicators
• Outcome means of verification,
indicate where and how the
information about the indicator can
be obtained

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By Dr. Edward Ssenyange,

Means of verification of
Outcome Indicators
• Information can be obtained from
Focus-Group discussions with
communities, relevant Government
MDAs

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By Dr. Edward Ssenyange,

Impact Indicators
• Impact measures the intensity or
magnitude of the change of an
outcome i.e. by percentage change

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By Dr. Edward Ssenyange,

Impact Indicators
• The intensity or magnitude of change
is the difference between the value of
the variable of interest in the end line
report and in the baseline report

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By Dr. Edward Ssenyange,

Impact Indicators
• The outcome acknowledges change
while the impact reports the intensity
or magnitude of change

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By Dr. Edward Ssenyange,

Impact Indicators
• Impact reveals how well the
intervention has caused desired
changes

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By Dr. Edward Ssenyange,

Means of verification of
Impact Indicators

• These can be verified from the

baseline and end line reports

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By Dr. Edward Ssenyange,

Means of verification of
Impact Indicators
• Magnitudes and intensity can also be
established or obtained from relevant
secondary data of LGs and
Government MDAs

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By Dr. Edward Ssenyange,