EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCES

FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

MNHS
 
Detailed Lesson Plan in
LIFE SCIENCES - GRADE 11
OBJECTIVES
`Content Standard:
The learners demonstrate:
• an understanding of the historical development of the concept of life.
Performance Standard
The learners shall be able to:
• value life by taking good care of all beings, humans, plants and animals.
Learning Competencies:
The learners explain:
• the evolving concept of life based on emerging pieces of evidences. (S11/12LT-IIa-1)
Lesson objectives
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
• trace the historical development of life;
• describe the concept of life based on discovered evidences; and
• appreciate the importance of proper treatment of life and all organisms.
 I G A
T Y
B G H A E L N
B S D G E R O
 B I G B A NG
T H E O R Y
B G H A E L N
B S D G E R O
 V N

C E O A U H E
O N L T I D R
E V O L U T I ON

C E O A U H E
O N L T I D R
C ON

S R N T U H E
O N A S I D R
C R E A T I ON

S R N T U H E
O N A S I D R
 NOW
E K
A S W
LIF E IT ?

TRUE FALSE
 true
The first, simplest life forms were
prokaryotes.
 false
All living things turn into
fossils.
 true
Birds evolved from dinosaurs
 true
Individual organisms can evolve during
a single lifespan.
 false
All traits of organisms are
adaptations.
 l o E V
o i tu
o n N
o l u ti v i t y
Ev a c ti
 TIME PERIODS
•LATE PROTEROZOIC
•MESOZOIC
•PALEZOIC
•CAENOZOIC
Procedure:
1. Provide each group different imprints.
2. Examine the imprints
3. what can you infer about the organism's life or
habitat from what you see.
PROCEDURE:

1. Go to 4 different corners of the room

where different time periods are posted.
2. Classify which specific time period do
they belong to
Guided questions:
Based from the activity, answer the following questions:
• What makes you think that the organism belongs to that
specific time period?

• Then have one representative to share your answer to the

class.
The History of Life

© NASA

www.fossilmuseum.net/Fossil-Pictures/Ammonites/Ammonite-5/Ammonite-5-1024.jpg
Diversity (1): Simple organisms

Bacteria

http://www.earthlife.net/images/bacteria.gif en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Halobacteria.jpg

Two types of organism exist on our planet. One group has simple
cells with DNA strands floating in a capsule. These prokaryotes,
as they are called, include various types of bacteria
Diversity (2): Complex organisms
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Chlamydomonas_(10000x).jpg en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Laurencia.jpg

Golden algae

Fungi Protozoa

A second group, eukaryotes,

have complex cells that have
compartments with special jobs
and DNA in a nucleus
www.earthlife.net/images/eury-cell.gif
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Elephant_near_ndutu.jpg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Amanita_muscaria_(fly_agaric).JPG
Plants Animals
 The Fossil Record

Fossils provide a record

of life forms that once
existed in the past

www.discoveringfossils.co.uk/royalty_free_photos_fossil_hunting_collecting.jpg
Geological Time
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale The whole geological timescale

The Phanerozoic in detail

The study of fossils in the context of the 4500 million years of

geological time allows us to piece together the History of Life
In the Sea (1): Bombardment
Early Earth Cratered moon Mars

?
© Julian Baum with permission NASA NASA

During its early history, the Earth was bombarded by meteorites.

Such inhospitable conditions probably prevented life from evolving.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale
4500-3800 million years ago
In the Sea (2): First living things
 Life evolved
Modern bacterial mounds Fossil bacteria? shortly after the
bombardment
ended, early in
Earth History.

 The first living

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Stromatolites_in_Sharkbay.jpg
things were
www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect20/A12.html
simple bacteria

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale
3800-3500 million years ago
In the Sea (3): Oxygen
 Early photosynthetic
Iron oxide rocks Photosynthetic
bacteria bacteria produced
oxygen and released
it as a waste product.

 This added oxygen

to the atmosphere
http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/first_billion_years/bif.gif for the first time.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Anabaena_sperica.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale
3800-3500 million years ago
In the Sea (4): Complex cells
Acritarch  Two billion years later complex
eukaryote cells appeared.

 These had compartments with

special functions such as energy
factories called mitochondria.

 Eukaryote cells need oxygen -

this explains their late evolution
www.cushmanfoundation.org/resources/images/slide16.gif

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale
1900 million years ago
In the Sea (5): Multicellular life

Grypania
 After another half billion years
many-celled life appeared

 Grypania was a coiled

tube, 2 mm wide and up to
5 cm long

© Bruce Runnegar with permission

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale

1400 million years ago

In the Sea (6): Biology’s Big Bang!
evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/images/bangiomorpha1.jpg

Red algae

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Sexual_cycle.svg

A short time later, 1200 mya, algae evolved sexual reproduction

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale

1200 million years ago

In the Sea (7): Ediacara Evidence
www.peripatus.gen.nz/paleontology/Ediacara.html

By 630 mya, the familiar kingdoms of animals, plant and fungi

had evolved. The Ediacara fauna of this time interval were strange
bizarre organisms from the dawn of animal life

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale

630-542 million years ago

Beginnings (8): Diversity explodes
palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/palaeofiles/lagerstatten/Burgess/Anomalocarishunts.jpg www.newarkcampus.org/professional/osu/faculty/jstjohn/Cool Fossils/Anomalocaris-canadensis.jpg

Burgess Shale fossils Claw of Anomalocaris

Around 542 mya, several fossil sites show that the diversity of
animal life on Earth dramatically exploded over a short time.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale
542-515 million years ago
Onto Land (1): Making tracks

 Around 500 mya, tracks in

ancient coastal dunes
show that some marine
animals started to make
temporary visits to the
sea shore to feed or mate
Eurypterid
© Simon Braddy

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale
500 million years ago
Onto Land (2): Permanent residents
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Liverwort.jpg

Liverworts
similar to the
first plants

Ancient worm burrows

Worms and primitive plants started to colonize the land, 460 mya

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale
460 million years ago
Onto Land (3): A taste for Plants

Analysis of fossil
poo shows that
Fossil millipedes
animals started
to eat plants,
420 mya
Fossil poo contains plants
Millipedes and their poo in the Ludlow Bone Bed of Shropshire

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale
420 million years ago
Onto Land (4): Time Capsule
www.abdn.ac.uk/rhynie.htm

© Jason Dunlop

Around 400 mya, a whole land ecosystem became a time capsule

at Rhynie in Scotland when a volcanic hot spring erupted.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale
400 million years ago
Onto Land (5): First Forests
www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/seedplants/progymnosperms.html www.seedbiology.de/evolution.asp

Tree trunks Large leaves Seeds

Forests were born 380 mya as plants grew trunks, leaves and
seeds for the first time

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale

380-370 million years ago

Onto Land (6): Amphibians
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Panderichthys_BW.jpg

 Also around 380 mya

certain fish evolved limbs
Panderichthys and lungs for life on land

 The first land-dwelling

amphibians retained
many fishy characteristics
Ichthyostega
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ichthyostega_BW.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale

380-365 million years ago

Onto Land (7): Reptiles
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Hylonomus_BW.jpg

Hylonomus lyelli

Lay eggs on land

Bones found in Canada show that reptile evolved, 315 mya

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale

315 million years ago

 Onto Land (8): First Rainforests
www.mnh.si.edu/highlight/riola/images/calhoun.jpg

Around 300 mya,

coal seams in North
America and Europe
show that the first
© Howard Falcon-Lang
tropical rainforests
Fossil plant had evolved.

Coal Forests

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale

320-290 million years ago

Boom & Bust? (1): The Great Dying

% species extinct
Extinction
intensity

upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Pahoeoe_fountain_original.jpg

Life nearly died in a massive wave of extinction around 251 mya in

the largest of the so-called “Big Five” mass extinctions

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale
251.4 million years ago
 Boom & Bust? (2): Dinosaurs

About 220 mya, shortly after the extinction, dinosaurs appeared.

These reptiles dominated the land for the next 150 myrs!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale
220-65 million years ago
Boom & Bust? (3): Birds
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/SArchaeopteryxBerlin2.jpg www.dinohunters.com/History/Microraptor.htm

Archaeopteryx Microraptor
is one of the is a small
earliest known feathered
birds dinosaur

About 155 mya, birds evolved from dinosaurs. The similarity

between birds and dinosaurs has been recognized for 160 years.

155 million years ago

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale
Boom & Bust? (4): Mammals
 Mammals evolved about the
Yanoconodon
same time as the dinosaurs,
220 mya, but lived in their
shadow for a 150 million years

 Many were small, nocturnal

insect-eating animals. The need
to be active at night may be why
mammals are warm-blooded
© Nicolle Rager Fuller, National Science Foundation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale
220 million years ago
Boom & Bust? (5): Deep Impact
NASA NASA
Shocked quartz

The Crater of Doom miac.uqac.ca/MIAC/qtz-chic.jpg

Around 65 mya, various lines of geological evidence suggest that

the Earth was hit by a 10 km meteorite, wiping out the dinosaurs

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale
65 million years ago
Boom Bust? (6): Grass and Grazers
i.pbase.com/o4/15/700115/1/66410718.sOPB0thD.serengeti2.jpg

Around 35 mya, climate became cooler and drier and grasslands

and grazing mammals became widespread

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale
35 million years ago
Boom & Bust? (7): Humans
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Neanderthal_2D.jpg en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Lascaux2.jpg

Cave art

© Chris Stringer
Neanderthal
Around 2 mya, humans evolved. They pioneered the use of fire
and tools to control their world, and developed society and culture

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale
2 million years ago
Boom &Bust? (8): Sixth Extinction
NASA
 Following their evolution
humans have caused
huge species loss, and
this has accelerated in
since the 19th century

 Are we now in the midst

of a sixth mass extinction?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale
Today
ERA PERIOD
PRE CAMBRIAN

LATE
PROTEROZOIC
ERA PERIOD
PERMIAN

CARBONIFEROUS
PALEZOIC
DEVONIAN

SILURIAN

ORDOVICIAN
CAMBRIAN
ERA PERIOD
CRETACEOUS

JURASSIC
MESOZOIC
TRIASSIC
ERA PERIOD
QUARTERNARY

CAENOZOIC
TERTIARY
what will you do if you see snake lying
inside your house?
what will you do if you see snake lying inside your house?
WORKSHEET ACTIVITY
ASSIGNMENT

• Write in your journal other organisms that

sprung out from different time periods and
cite a major event that happened within
that era.