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Concept Formation Through Inductive Thinking
Concept Formation Through Inductive Thinking
Curriculum
Where do ideas come from?
Sources of ideas
Sensory learning – using our senses to explore and
arrive at knowledge or understanding (Amorino, 2007).
Constructive activity – making connections between what
we perceive (Amorino, 2007; Hesse, 1989).
Using open-ended problem solving – creating solutions
(Wang, et al., 2009).
When people make generalizations about a set of data
(Bennet & Rolheiser, 2008).
Can we recreate conditions which
provoke conceptual thinking?
The Inquiry Cycle
(Reid, 2011)
Can this strategy transfer to
subjects other than science?
Inductive Strategy in subjects
other than Science
Teachers can use complex and realistic problems in their
lessons
Complex thinking is independent of language
(Robertson, 2007)
Robertson’s Process phase 2
Phase 2 of the process is EXPLANATION, where
students use activities to explain the new concept.
This phase is where the teacher introduces the students
to the lexicon related to the concept, the vocabulary that
they will need to discuss that concept.
For example, we using the terms inquiry, generalizations,
questioning, data set to talk about concept formation
using inductive thinking.
(Robertson, 2007)
Robertson’s Process phase 3
The third phase of the process is ELABORATION, where
students are engaged in more activities to reinforce
understanding of the concept.
Here the teacher may present more examples, some that
are examples of the concepts, and others that are non-
examples.
This is used to clarify and cement understanding of the
characteristic attributes of the concept.
(Robertson, 2007)
An example using literature
PHASE 1 EXPLORATION The teacher gives students a
data set consisting of different extracts from fiction and
asks the question, “What makes a piece of literature
literary?”
Students then have to draw on prior learning, and the
data set, to come up with generalizations.
Generalizations are written down for future use.
(Hesse, 1989)
An example using literature,
phase 2
In phase 2 EXPLANATION, the teacher may ask the students
to do the following:
Compare and contrast the extracts with previous literature that
students think are literary
Come up with a list of characteristics of what literary pieces of
text are
Explain why one of the extracts or more is literary or non-
literary based on the characteristics
Justify choices by illustrating from specific examples
The teacher may teach literature terms while students engage
in these activities
An example using literature,
phase 3
In ELABORATION, the teacher may present other text
types such as travel writing, diary entries, greeting cards,
etc mixed with literary text types such as poetry, short
fiction, vignettes
The activity may ask students to come up with attributes
of the concept “literary” using these new data sets.
Interspersed with these activities might be clarification of
the concept using other strategies such as cooperative
learning, academic controversy, scaffolding to reinforce
the concept formation.
Summary
Concept
Formation
Using
inductive
thinking
Classroom Impact
Integration (through concepts and skills) with other
subject areas
Form original ideas
Improve conceptual thinking
Discover and engage in learning
Meaning-oriented approach
Self-directed learning
Student is at the center of the lesson
(Amorino, 2007; Bilica & Flores, 2009; Felder & Prince, 2007; Hesse, 1989;
Reid, 2011)
References
Amorino, J. (2007). Classroom educators learn more about teaching and learning
from the arts. Phi Delta Kappan, 90(3), 190-195.
Bilica, K. & Flores, M. (F 2009). Inductive and deductive science thinking; A model
for lesson development. Science Scope, 36-41.
Felder, R. & Prince, M. (O 2007). The case for inductive teaching. Prism, 17(2),
55.
Hesse, D. (N 1989). Canon and critical thinking. English Journal, 78(7), 16-22.
Heubner, T. (N 2008). Balancing the concrete and the abstract. Educational
Leadership, 66(3), 86-87.
Reid, B. (J 2011). The concept attainment strategy. The Science Teacher, 51-55.
Wang, J., Wang, Y., Tai, H. & Chen, W. (2009). Investigating the effectiveness of
inquiry-based instruction on students with different prior knowledge and
reading abilities. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education,
8, 801-820.