COMMANDS / INSTRUCTIONS / INFORM.

/ ADVICE:

S + TOLD-PERSON + “TO” VERB

“Sit down!”
“Walk 3 blocks, the cinema is on the right.”
“Don’t eat in class!”
“Check that book, all the info is there.”
“Don’t take a taxi; taxis here are very expensive”

REQUEST: S + ASKED-PERSON + “TO” VERB

“ Please, close the door.”
“ Please, don’t smoke here.”
“ Can you close that window please?”
 AFFIRMATIVE / NEGATIVE / INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES:

When you report these kind of sentences you normally use “Sequence of Tenses”

his means that you will have to change the tense of the main verb / auxiliary.

he changes are the following:

ORIGINAL WORDS” TO REPORTED SPEECH

PRESENT CHANGES P A S T SIMPLE

PAST CHANGES PAST PERFECT

WILL CHANGES WOULD

CAN CHANGES COULD

MAY CHANGES MIGHT

AFFIRMATIVE / NEGATIVE SENTENCES:

S + TOLD-PERSON
+ S + VERB (Corresp. Tense & Form)
S + SAID (THAT)

“She is happy.” “You aren’t buying a cake.”

“We study English.” “We have to study.”
“He doesn’t have to come.” “We have visited them.”

“She was angry.” *She was driving fast.”

“They didn’t clean.” “They had to cook.”
“She had read that book.”

“They will win fast.” “She won’t come.”

“We can drive.” “They may not go
 INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES:

Q.WORD + S + VERB (Corresp. Tense) OR MODAL + VERB

B.FORM
S + ASKED (PERSON)
IF + S + VERB (Corresp. Tense) OR MODAL + VERB
B.FORM

“Is she happy?”

“Are you buying a cake?”
“Do they study English?”
“Does he have to come?”
“Have they visited him?”

“Was he angry?”
“Did they clean?”
“Did they have to cook?”
“Had she read that book?”

“Will they win fast?”

“Can we drive?”