PRESENT

PERFECT
SIMPLE
We normally use the Present Perfect Simple in 2 situations:

1. To express an action that began in the past but continues in

the present or that is still relevant in the present.

We commonly use words like “for, since, so far” to express this

concept.

Example: He has worked at home for the last 2 months.

2. To express a past action that happened at an indefinite or imprecise
time in the past; many times this past action / situation shows “a past
EXPERIENCE”.
We commonly use words like “just (+), already (+), yet (- / ?)”
Example: I've just finished my report. ( INDEFINITE PAST TIME / FOCUSES ON THE RESULT - COMPLETION )

Example: I've never been to Australia. Have you ever been there? (REFERS TO EXPERIENCE)
Yes I have. I WENT to Melbourne in 1992*. (precise time / PAST SIMPLE).

NOTE: As soon as we EXPRESS A PRECISE / EXACT TIME IN THE PAST, we iMMEDIATELY

have to USE THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE.
AFFIRMATIVE FORM: Subject + (Aux.) has/have + Verb Past Participle + Complem.
Examples: You have seen that movie many times.
S/he has already eaten octopus !!!!
They have already read that book.

NEGATIVE FORM: Subject + (Aux.) has/have NOT + Verb Past Participle +

Complem.
Examples: You haven’t seen that movie many
times.
S/he hasn' t eaten octopus yet !!!!
We have not read that book

INTERROGATIVE FORM: (Aux.) Has / Have + Subject + Verb Past Participle +

Complement ?
NOTE: following verbs are usually ONLY used in Present Perfect Simple.

 state: be, have (for possession only) Example: We have been on holiday for 2 weeks.

 senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch Example: He has touched the painting.

 brain work: believe, know, think, understand Example: I have known him for 3 years.