GROUNDNUT

OILSEEDS DIVISION
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, COOPERATION & FARMERS’ WELFARE
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE & FARMERS’ WELFARE
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
KRISHI BHAWAN, NEW DELHI
www.nmoop.gov.in
 BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION

Family :Leguminoceae/(Fabaceae)

Sub-family :Papilionoideae

Common Name: Groundnut  

Scientific Name: Arachis hypogaea L

Origin: Northern Argentina and South Bolivia

and Brazil in which majority of the species
are found. Bolivia has the second largest
number of species follow Paraguay, Argentina
and Uruguay.
 SEASON AND CLIMATE
 Warm and moist conditions are highly congenial for
groundnut cultivation.
 Temperature, light intensity, rainfall and humidity
significantly influence the productivity of groundnut.
 Optimum temperature of 25-35 °C is required for good
germination, flowering and pod formation.
 Sandy-loam soils rich in organic matter is considered
best for the crop.
 Sowing time of kharif groundnut is June to July subject
to onset of monsoon and rabi groundnut is November
as well as summer groundnut February to March
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 CROP DESCRIPTION
 Arachis species belongs to family Leguminoceae (Fabaceae)
sub-family Papilionoideae
 Flowers borne on axils of leaves on branches
 Self-pollinated with some cross pollination (0-6% ) by bees
 Elongated gynophores develop into pods
 Pods contain 2-5 seeds/kernel
 Kernel weight ranges from 0.15 to >1.3 g/kernel
 Virginia / runner types are spreading in nature and suitable
for rainfed condition
 Valencia / Spanish type are erect in nature and more
suitable for irrigated conditions
 Oil contents varies from 42 to 55 % of kernel/seeds

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 GLOBAL SCENARIO (2013-16)
Country Avg. Area Avg. Production Avg. Yield
(lakh ha) (lakh tonnes) (Kg/ha)
China 46.27 166.33 3595
India* 49.45 79.61 1610
Nigeria 25.43 31.37 1233
USA 5.30 23.21 4376
Sudan 18.64 15.32 822
Myanmar 8.90 13.78 1549
Indonesia 5.90 11.43 1939
Senegal 9.30 8.17 878
Niger 7.47 3.43 460
Cameroon 4.44 6.09 1370
Others 66.36 59.65 899
World 247.47 418.39 1691
Source: FAO/USDA. *As per the estimates of DES, DAC&FW 5
 NATIONAL SCENARIO (2013-16)
State Avg. Area Avg. Production Avg. Yield
(lakh ha) (lakh (Kg/ha)
tonnes)
Gujarat 15.51 31.66 2041
AP 10.65 9.44 886
Rajasthan 4.94 9.92 2009
Tamil Nadu 3.44 9.01 2618
Karnataka 6.34 5.38 850
MP 2.25 3.47 1538
Maharashtra 2.67 2.92 1096
Others 3.35 5.00 1492
All India 49.15 76.80 1563
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 AREA, PRODUCTION AND YIELD TRENDS
16.00

14.00

12.00

10.00

Area in million ha
8.00 Production in million tonnes
Yield in qtl/ha

6.00

4.00

2.00

0.00
1950-51 1960-61 1971-72 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2010-11 2015-16

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 HIGHER YIELD AND BETTER QUALITY IN
RABI/SUMMER
States Area (Lakh ha) Prod. (Lakh tonnes) Yield (Kg/ha)
Kharif Rabi/ Kharif Rabi/ Kharif Rabi/
2015 summer 2015 summer 2015 summer
2015-16 2015-16 2015-16
AP 6.82 0.93 5.98 2.04 877 2194
Gujarat 13.55 0.59 22.41 1.17 1654 1983
Karnataka 4.10 1.81 2.73 2.12 666 1171
Maharashtra 1.86 0.54 1.81 0.56 973 1037
Tamil Nadu 2.11 1.40 4.76 4.06 2250 2900
Telangana 0.13 1.14 0.21 1.85 1615 1623
West Bengal 0.03 0.82 0.02 1.98 960 2415
Others* 9.33 0.39 15.48 0.52 1659 1333
All India 37.93 7.62 53.40 14.30 1408 1877
*Includes major Kharif groundnut States of Rajasthan and MP.
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 POTENTIAL DISTRICTS
State Potential district (>50,000 ha area)
AP (04) Anantpur, Chittoor, Kurnool, YSR Kadapa,
Gujarat (08) Junagadh, Jamnagar, Rajkot, Amreli,
Bhavanagar, Porbandar, Kutch, Sabarkantha
Karnataka (07) Chitradurga, Tumkur, Gadag, Bijapur, Belgaum,
Bellary, Koppal.
Maharashtra (02) Kolhapur, Satara
Rajasthan (02)
Bikaner, Jaipur
Tamil Nadu (03) Thiruvanamalai, Viluppuram, Vellore
Telangana (01) Mahabubnagar

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 STATE WISE YIELD GAP UNDER FLDs (IN KHARIF)
SAY FLD – Yield Varieties used in FLD during
State Kharif- Gap Kharif 2013
2013 (%)
AP 892 1722 93 K-6, Dharani
Gujarat 2716 1873 -45 GJG-9, GJG-17, GJG-22
Chintamani-2, TPG-39, JSP-
Karnataka 863 1660 92
39, Dh-36, GPBD-5
AK-303, TGK-Bold, Phule
Maharashtra 1248 2417 94 Unnati, JL-501, Phule-6021,
TAG-24, KDG-128

Rajasthan 1992 2931 47 TAG-24, Mallika

West Bengal 917 1982 116 TAG-24, TG-51

All India 1764 2021 15 K-6, Dharani 10
 STATE WISE YIELD GAP IN RABI/SUMMER
SAY FLD Yield Varieties used in FLD during
State Gap Rabi 2012-13
(%)
1906 2787 46 Kadari-6, Kadari-9, Harithandra,
AP
Dharani, TCGS-1043, Anantha
Gujarat 2013 2535 26 GJG-31, TG-37-A,
760 2851 275 GPGD-5, GPGD-4, Dh-216, Kadari-
Karnataka
9, Dh-101, TGLPS-3, Chintamani-2
1455 2272 56 JL-501, TPG-41, Phule-6021, TKG-
Maharashtra
Bold
Rajasthan 1258 2593 106 TG-37-A
Tamil Nadu 2998 2130 -40 VRI (Gn)-6,
West Bengal 2585 3190 23 TG-24, TG-51
All India 1812 2654 46 11
 POPULAR VARIETIES
S. State Varieties
No.
1 AP K-6,K-9, TMV-2, TAG-24, Narayani, Dharani,
ICGV-91114, Anantha, TCGS-1043
2 Gujarat GG-20, GG-11, GG-2, TAG-24, TG-37-A, TG-38,
GAUG-10, GJG-9, GJG-17, GJG-22, GJG-31
3 Karnataka TMV-2, GPBD-4, GPBD-5, K-6, TG-37-A, TAG-24,
Chintamani-2, TPG-39, JSP-39, Dh-36, ICGV-
91114, K-9, Dh-216
4 Maharashtra K-6, TAG-24, JL-24, AK-303, JL-501, TKG-Bold,
Phule Unnati, Phule-6021
5 Rajasthan TAG-24, Malika GPBD-4, Pratap Raj Mungphalli
6 Tamil Nadu TMV-2, TMV-7, K-6, GPBD-4, VRI-2, VRI-3,
CO(Gn)-4, VRI(Gn)-6
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 PACKAGE AND PRACTICES
 Sandy-loam soil rich in organic matter is best.
 Use of well decomposed FYM @ 10 tonnes /ha.
 Broad-Bed-Furrow System for yield improvement.
 Sowing of Kharif groundnut in June to July subject to
receipt of rains; Rabi –November; Summer –
February/March.
 Seed rate of 100-110 kg pod /ha. for bunch type and 95-100
kg pod /ha. for Spreading type.
 Every one tonne of groundnut pods removes 63 kg N, 11 kg
P2O5, 46 kg K2O, 27 kg CaO and 14 kg MgO .

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 PACKAGE AND PRACTICES (contd)

Water Management
 Crop is largely (80%) cultivated under rainfed conditions during
kharif.
 Crop could withstand a dry spell of 25 days after emergence.
 Rainfall/protective irrigation is necessary at flowering (20-40
DAS), pod formation (40-70 DAS) and pod filling (70-100 DAS).
 Sprinkler irrigation best suited for sandy soils.
 Eight irrigations are adequate for optimal yield during Rabi /
Summer season.
 Drip irrigation increases yield (40-50%), quality, and saves
water (25-40%).
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 PACKAGE AND PRACTICES (contd)

Water Management (contd)

 Adopting right spacing between rows and within the
row
 Mulching the soil surface in between rows with crop
residue material like straw etc to prevent the
germination of weed seeds
 Adoption of crop rotation and intercropping
 Two hand weeding, first around 20 days after sowing
and 2nd at about 35 days after sowing
 Inter-culture starts around 10 days after emergence
and continues up to 35 DAS at 7– 10 days interval
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 PACKAGE AND PRACTICES (contd)

Insect/Pest
Name pests Scientific name Yield losses (%)

Leaf Miner Aproaererma modicella (Deventer) 16-92

Tobacco Caterpillar Spodoptera litura (Fab.) 15-30
Hairy Caterpillars Amsacta albistriga (Walker), A. moorei 26-100
(Butler) and Spilosoma obliqua (Walker)

Thrips Caliothrips indicus Bagnell, Frankliniella 15-28

schultzei Trybom, Thrips palmi Karny and
Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood

Aphids Aphis craccivora Koch Up to 40

Leafhoppers/ Empoasca kerri Pruthi, Balclutha 9-22
Jassids hortensis Lindb.

White grub Holotrichia consanguinea Blanch and H. 20-100

serrata (Fab.)

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 PACKAGE AND PRACTICES (contd)
Insect/Pest (contd)
Name pests Scientific name Yield losses (%)
Collar rot Aspergillus niger van Tieghem. 28 – 47
Stem rot Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Teleomorph: Athelia 27
rolfsii (Curzi) Tu & Kimbrough.
Early Leaf Spot Cercospora
17 arachidicola S. Hori. Up to 60
Teleomorph: Mycospharella arachidis
Deighton)
Rust Puccinia arachidis Speg. 10-52
Alternaria Leaf Alternaria alternata, A. tenuissima and A. up-to 22
Blight & Leaf Spot Arachis
Peanut Bud Peanut Bud Necrosis Virus (Tospovirus) 30-90
Necrosis Disease
Root knot Meloidogyne arenaria, 21.6
M. hapla and M. Javanica
Kalahasti Malady Tylenchorhynchus Brevelineatus 40-50
 PACKAGE AND PRACTICES (contd)
IPM
Deep ploughing during April-May to expose pupae to sunlight and
predatory birds.
Clean cultivation by rouging out weed hosts and off type of
plants.
Growing of resistant varieties.
Install pheromone traps @ 10 traps/ha for Spodoptera and
Helicoverpa and 25 traps/ha for leaf miner. Erect bird perches @
10-12/ha.
Spray neem oil @5ml/lt water along with suitable surfactant like
soap powder @ 1g/lt or NSKE 5% .
Release Trichogramma chilonis @ 50000/ha, two times at 7-10
days interval followed by release of Bracon hebetor @ 5000/ha
two times at 7-10 days against Leaf Miner and Defoliators.
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 PACKAGE AND PRACTICES (contd)
Inter-croppings
Intercropping system States
Groundnut + Red gram AP, Gujarat, Karnataka, MP,
Groundnut + Cotton Karnataka and Tamil Nadu
Groundnut + Sorghum/Ragi Karnataka and Maharashtra
Groundnut + Pearl Millet AP and Rajasthan
Groundnut+Cowpea/Blackgram/ AP and Tamil Nadu
Greengram

Groundnut + Castor AP, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu

Groundnut + Sesame/Sunflower Gujarat, MP, Tamil Nadu and
Rajasthan

Groundnut + Soybean MP
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 MSP Vs MARKETING PRICES
State/MSP Avg. Price of November and December
2013 2014 2015
MSP (Rs. / qtl.) 4000 4000 4030
AP 4000 4100 4400
Gujarat 3390 3812 4042
Karnataka 2668 3000 3403
Rajasthan 3580 3475 3898
Tamil Nadu 4437 3445 3520

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 EXPORTS / DEMAND
(Quantity in tonnes and value Rs. in crores)
Products 2013-14 2014-15
Qty Value Qty Value
Groundnut 509750 3187.66 708390 4675.38
Food products 7944 71.46 13096 119.02
Groundnut oil 6511 58.94 38952 343.15
Oil cakes 8711 22.72 4147 21.90
Total 532916 3340.78 764585 5159.45
Source: Oilseeds statistics – A compendium – 2015 from ICAR- IIOR
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 NUTRITIVE VALUE
 Groundnut is considered as low sodium food. Groundnut are
free from cholesterol and contains less than 20% saturated
fatty acid hence heart friendly.
 Groundnut seed contains 44-55% oil and 22-30% protein on
a dry seed and is a rich source of mineral (phosphorus,
calcium, magnesium and potassium) and vitamins E, K and B
group
 Groundnut oil also contains some palmitic acid, arachidonic
acid, behenic acid, lignoic acid and other fatty acids
 Groundnut has lowest Glycaemic index (GI) a measure of the
rate at which carbohydrate from a particular food break
down and release glucose in blood stream
 Groundnut contains 26% protein, which is higher than egg,
meat, fish and dairy products
 RESEARCHABLE ISSUES
Development of varieties / technologies for control of
Peanut Bud / Stem Necrosis/Clamp virus disease.
The old varieties like TMV-2 & TAG-24 in Southern states
and GG-20 in Gujarat are still preferred because of their
better performance under adverse weather conditions
and market preference.
Use of cytoplasm/gene from such varieties for
development of high yielding varieties.
Development of effective control measures for white
grub for Rajasthan and Gujarat
Resistant varieties/technology for aflatoxin
management.
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 ISSUES / ACTIONABLE POINTS
 Development of varieties / technologies for control of
Peanut Bud / Stem Necrosis /Clamp virus disease of
groundnut.
 Development of substitute for the old varieties like
TMV-2 & TAG-24 in Southern states and GG-20 in
Gujarat which are preferred because of their better
performance under adverse weather conditions and
market preference.
 Development of effective control measures for white
grub in Gujarat, Rajasthan and UP.
 Resistant varieties / technology for aflatoxin
management.
Thanks