Nanotechnology Application On Solar Panels And

Electric Cylinder For Rural Electrification In Indonesia

ARDIN FADOLLY
Ph.D student, International Energy Policy Program(IEPP), Seoul National University
Directorate General of Electricity, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Republic of Indonesia

ABSTRACT Research Question:

How to determine the application of nanotechnology in Solar Panels as energy charging station and Electric
Indonesia has some difficulties in providing sufficient electricity access for its population. With cylinder development to enhance the implementation of the scheme in creating new electricity access for rural
the east-west length of 5,150 km and a total area of 1.9 million km2, the provision of electricity electrification in Indonesia?
infrastructure such as T&D lines for each household requires much investment, mainly because Methodology:
of its geographical conditions of scattered islands with remote rainforest. The development of This study is conducted through qualitative analysis using some literature review related with the development
rural electrification will bring new opportunities to increase their productivity. With recent rapid of nanotechnology in solar panels and lithium ion battery as a electric cylinder
advances in renewable energy and energy storage system technology, such rural electrification is
Recent Application of Nanotechnology in Solar PV and Lithium Battery
deemed to be economically achievable, more environmentally friendly and creates sustainability Application of Nanotechnology in Solar PV Benefit Source
Silver nanocubes scattered over a thin gold layer combination. It works as a tiny antenna which cancels out reflectance of (Moreau et al., 2012)
for the energy supply. However, the implementation of present RE technology shows limited This microscopics cubes will create better ability of metamaterial metal surface and reduce losses from reflection
on absorbing light
efficiency and high-cost. Nanotechnology is expected to bring an improvement in renewable Nanowire utilization to get catch concentrated sunlight. The It will increase solar panel efficiency (Krogstrup et al., 2013)
energy and energy storage technology to create better performance in supplying energy demand cylindrical structure of nanowire crystal can generate resonances
with sunlight, make it concentrated and boost higher energy
and reducing fossil fuel utilization. The research objective in this study is to determine the conversion.
Iron oxide nanoparticles which is stable, low cost and abundant Creating hydrogen by using nanoparticle with inexpensive (Valdes et al., 2012)
application of nanotechnology in solar panels as an energy charging station and portable energy was utilized to transform solar energy into hydrogen materials and easily scalable production process to generate (Tilley et al., 2010)
more economically viable method
storage by using an electric cylinder to enhance electricity access for rural electrification in Combination of silver nanowired, titanium oxide and polymer on It will increase transparency of solar cells up to 70% and (Li, Zhu and Yang, 2012)
Indonesia and how nanotechnology could help and overcome these challenge. This study was creating polymer solar cells absorb infrared light. These cells can be utilized in the window
application
conducted through qualitative analysis using some literature review related to the recent Flexible and robust layers of nanoporous germanium by using It create stable, extremely light, and flexible solar cells for (Bentlohner et al., 2016)
bottom up approach on germanium atom cluster and addition of mobile application
development of nanotechnology. This study concludes that the critical point in the application of germanium chloride

nanotechnology in solar panels development is to reduce the solar panels technology cost with Blended cheaper organic polymer inside inorganic titanium oxide It can produce low cost solar cells
nanotubes on hybrid solar cells
(Tepavcevic et al., 2009)

higher power and efficiency output. On the other hand, the critical point in the application of Combination of carbon nanotubes and buckyballs in cylindrical Higher efficiency of solar cells
structures to trap and flow the electrons
(Li et al., 2007)

nanotechnology in lithium-ion battery development is to improve the power output of lithium-

Application of Nanotechnology in Lithium Ion Battery Benefit Source
ion batteries with a longer lifetime, faster recharge capability, less hazardous and less flammable Utilization of double shelled nanocapsules of V 2O5 based It will increase energy density and energy and has an ability to (Liu et al., 2009)
characteristics. In order to apply nanotechnology in rural electrification development in nanocomposite in cathodes of Lithium ion battery operate at low temperatures
Utilization of interconnected silicon hollow nanospheres in anodes It will provide large volume chages without pulverization in (Yao et al., 2011)
Indonesia, this study proposes to utilize nanofluids, quantum dots, and titanium oxide cycling period and demonstrate higher initial discharge
capacity, less capacity degradation, and high rate capability
nanoparticles to improve the performance of solar panels with lower cost and higher efficiency Utilization of carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers and graphene It will generate high performance and high capacity of anode (Landi et al., 2009)
in anodes in lithium ion battery (Kim et al., 2006)
and the utilization of nanoscale silicon for anodes, silicon nanowires, and nanotube electrode to (Hou et al., 2011)
(Goriparti et al., 2014)
improve the performance of lithium-ion battery in electric cylinder which brings higher power (Lee et al., 2013)

Utilization of silicon nanoparticles coating a titanium disilicide This coating will improve stability, charge and discharge (Zhou et al., 2012)
and stable performance. (TiSi2) lattice (nanonets) in layer for anodes material capability and give longer lifetime of battery

Keywords: Nanotechnology, Solar panels, Electric Cylinder, Rural Electrification Utilization of carbon nanocoating and nanoparticles in cathodes It will improve electrochemical performance of the battery (Xu et al., 2012)
and develop high energy high power cathode materials for
lithium ion batteries
BACKGROUND Utilization of nano-sized metal oxide as negative electrode It will increase surface electrochemical reactivity and bring (Poizot et al., 2000)
materials high recharging rates of battery
Electrification Ratio in ASEAN in 2016 Number of Un-electrified Villages in Indonesia Nanotechnology with Nanoparticle
(IEA, 2016) Proposed NT Technology for Electric Cylinder and Solar Charging Station
Proposed NT Benefit Source Proposed NT Benefit Source
100% 99% 100%100%98% 2550 Technology Technology
100% 91% 91% 90% 2519
90%
80%
2510 Usage of nano- increase thermal (Wu and Cui, 2012) hierarchical bottom up reversible capacities of (Magasinski et al.,
70% 60% 2500 fluids as a cooling conductivities and approach nanotechnology the anodes 5 times 2010)
60%
59%
50%
solar panels system electrical efficiency to develop high higher and stable
40% 2450 to 60% performance lithium ion performance. simple,
30% 2424 anodes with the formation safe and low cost
20%
10%
Usage of quantum increase efficiency to (Beard et al., 2012) of silicon on the nano
0%
2400 2382 dots 31-41% than scale
conventional solar
2350 panels
Usage of silicon nanowires maintain its discharging (Chan et al., 2011)
Usage of silicon increase efficiency to (Beard et al., 2012) in the anodes of lithium capacity to 75% during
2300 nanostructure to 20% ion battery cycling, prevent
eliminate front face pulverization effect
Rural Electrification Problems & Hurdles: • High Electricity Cost • Hilly Terrain and Scattered Communities reflection in solar
panels The utilization of silicon as low cost and good (Liu et al., 2015)
• 17.504 myriad island • Dominated by Diesel Power Generation • Limited economic capabilities an anode material in electrochemical
• Low quality and quantity of electricity • Fuel transportation constraint • No existing distribution lines Usage of titanium increase the current (O’regan and Grätzel, lithium ion battery can be performance
oxide in nano densities and 1991) obtained from natural
-- Strength; elasticity; electrical and thermal -- Ability to attach functional ligands to its surface particles with stability of solar reed leaves
Why using nanotechnology?
Nanotechnology emphasizes the physical, conductivity -- Significant increase in catalytic, reactive and/or monolayer of cells. Provide low
-- Unique optical emissions sensory sites per mass of material charge transfer dye cost production usage of nanotube produce higher energy (Lee et al., 2010)
biological and chemical attributes of one particle electrode as the positive and power delivery
to form nanostructure with other particle and -- Magnetic susceptibility (Superparamagnetism) to sensitize the film
for light harvesting electrode and lithium
develop one active system with some purposes. titanium oxide as the
As surface area to volume ratio increases and all negative electrode
NP’s molecules are subjected to surface forces with
some advantage:
ELECTRIC CYLINDER AND SOLAR CHARGING STATION AS PROPOSED CONCEPT Proposed Cooperation DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
 The key point in the application of
nanotechnology in solar panels development
is to reduce the solar panels technology cost
with stronger power and higher efficiency
output;
 The key point in the application of
nanotechnology in lithium battery
development is to improve the power output
of lithium ion battery with longer lifetime,
faster recharge capability, less hazardous and
less flammable characteristics;
 This paper proposes to utilize nano-fluids,
quantum dots, and titanium oxide
REFERENCES nanoparticles to improve the performance of
Beard, M. C. et al. (2012) ‘Third generation photovoltaics based on multiple exciton solar panels with lower cost and higher
generation in quantum confined semiconductors’, Accounts of chemical research. ACS
Publications, 46(6), pp. 1252–1260.
efficiency;
Bentlohner, M. M. et al. (2016) ‘Zintl Clusters as Wet‐Chemical Precursors for  This paper proposes to utilize nanoscale
Germanium Nanomorphologies with Tunable Composition’, Angewandte Chemie
International Edition. Wiley Online Library, 55(7), pp. 2441–2445.
silicon for anodes, silicon nanowires, and
PROPOSED SCHEME IN THE ELECTRIC CYLINDER AND SOLAR CHARGING STATION Bernardi, M., Palummo, M. and Grossman, J. C. (2013) ‘Extraordinary sunlight nanotube electrode to improve the
absorption and one nanometer thick photovoltaics using two-dimensional monolayer
materials’, Nano letters. ACS Publications, 13(8), pp. 3664–3670.
performance of lithium ion battery in electric
Business Entity
Investment Key Challenges: Bhushan, B. (2010) ‘Introduction to nanotechnology’, Springer handbook of cylinder to support Indonesia rural
Investors/ Lender nanotechnology. Springer, pp. 1–13.
1. Solar Panels Boysen, E. (2009) ‘UnderstandingNano. com’.
electrification with higher power and stable
Profit sharing Efficiency Chan, C. K. et al. (2011) ‘High-performance lithium battery anodes using silicon performance;
nanowires’, in Materials for Sustainable Energy: A Collection of Peer-Reviewed
Durability (humidity and  The Government of Indonesia has to
Renewable Energy Charging temperature) Research and Review Articles from Nature Publishing Group. World Scientific, pp. 187–
Station (Solar Panels) Cost (Maintenance free)
191. establish a cooperation between Indonesia
Chung, H. T., Won, J. H. and Zelenay, P. (2013) ‘Active and stable carbon
Environmental, Health and Safety nanotube/nanoparticle composite electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction’, Nature and some related countries who has
Issues communications. Nature Publishing Group, 4, p. 1922. capabilities in nanotechnology to develop
Electric Dreher, K. L. (2004) ‘Health and environmental impact of nanotechnology: toxicological
Cylinder nanotechnology for electrification especially
A 2. Lithium Ion Battery assessment of manufactured nanoparticles’, Toxicological Sciences. Oxford University
Press, 77(1), pp. 3–5. in the development of cheaper and high
Agriculture (Energy Storage Fu, K. et al. (2013) ‘Aligned carbon nanotube‐silicon sheets: A novel nano‐architecture
for flexible lithium ion battery electrodes’, Advanced Materials. Wiley Online Library, efficiency solar panels and high performance
Consumer House
Machinery Electricity Supply System) 25(36), pp. 5109–5114. and stable lithium ion battery for electric
Ge, M. et al. (2013) ‘Review of porous silicon preparation and its application for
Benefit Durability (humidity and
lithium-ion battery anodes’, Nanotechnology. IOP Publishing, 24(42), p. 422001. cylinder in Indonesia. The cooperation shall
temperature)
Added Processed Agriculture and
1. Economy a nd trade a ctivity Small scale for easy transport with
Goriparti, S. et al. (2014) ‘Review on recent progress of nanostructured anode involve related government ministries,
Agriculture Value Fishery product with added materials for Li-ion batteries’, Journal of power sources. Elsevier, 257, pp. 421–443.
Products: value: 2. Cooking and basic household high energy universities, research institute and private
1. Paddy 1. Rice, corn kernels activity De-rating capacity (longer lifetime) AUTHOR sectors.
2. Corn 2. Animal Food 3. Public Facility (street light, Charging and discharging
3. Beans 3. Processed food mosque, church) mechanism and time Ardin Fadolly (ardinfadolly@snu.ac.kr)
4. Educa tion Facility Safety issues (explosive materials) Ph.D student of International Energy Policy Program, Seoul National University
Consumer 5. Community Health Fa cility Environmental Issue (hazardous
Profit Payment waste management) Energy Security Analyst of Dir. General of Electricity, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Indonesia
6. Entertainment

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