Materials Selection in

Mechanical Design by
M.F.Ashby
AEX4-X04
Sybrand van der Zwaag
Course Structure

 26-01 Introduction, Design Process, Eng. Materials

 02-02 Material Selection and the Selection Process

 09-02 Lecture Cancelled

 16-02 Selection of Material and Shape

 23-02 Multiple constraints

 01-03 Processing and Design

 08-03 Data Sources and Forces for Change

Aim of the course

 To provide the student with the

skills to select via systematic
and objective procedures the
best material and process in
mechanical design issues

 To train the students in the use

of such tools.
Mechanical Design

Mechanical components :
 - have mass
 - carry loads
 - conduct heat and electricity
 - exposed to wear and corrosion
 - are made of materials
 - have a shape
 - must be manufactured
Inter- relations
Evolution of Engineering Materials
The Design Process

 To develop a methodology for

selecting materials and
processes which is design led,
i.e. the design uses as inputs
the functional requirements of
the design.
The design process
A technical system
A systems approach
Types of design

 Original design

 Adaptive or development design

 Variant design
Design Methodology
Function analysis
How to open a corked bottle ?
Working principles

Axial force

Internal pressure

Shear force
Function structure and working
principles of cork removers
Realisation

Straight Lever
force

Spindle Spring
Conclusion

 Design is an iterative process

 It starts with a need statement
 The a concept is devised
 An embodiment is envisaged
and detailed
 The embodiment is refined on
the basis of ever more refined
data
Engineering materials and
their properties
 Classes of materials

 Intrinsic or atom related material

properties

 Tailored or microstructure related

properties

 Non-mechanical properties, such as

cost
Engineering material families
Definition of properties in units

 Density (kg/m3)
 Elastic moduli (GPa)
 Fracture strength (MPa)
 Resilience (J/m3)
 Hardness (GPa)
 Toughness (MPa.m1/2)
 Loss coefficient (-)
 Thermal conductivity (W/mK)
Shapes of stress strain curves
Material properties (continued)

 Thermal diffusivity (m2/s)

 Specific heat (J/kg.K)
 CTE (K-1)
 Thermal Shock resistance
 Creep resistance
 Wear constant (Archard : W/A.P)
 Corrosion rate
MATERIAL SELECTION
CHARTS (bar chart)
MATERIAL SELECTION
CHART (Bubble chart)
Material Property Charts
Recapitulation

 Design cycles from function

analysis to embodiment to
design

 Materials selection on properties

 A cyclic loop