INDICES

AND
LOGARITHMS
Class XI
Chapter 2
By jagadish pandey sir
EXPONETIAL FORM:
 Laws of exponents
•1. 
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
 Logarithmic
•Logarithmic
  is another way to writing exponential
form to make calculation easy
•(i)  Log exist only for positive numbers.
(ii)If base is not mentioned then we consider the base
as 10 .
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii) -- change of base law
(ix)
•Prove
  that
Proof :
•Prove
  that
Proof :RHS :
Let
and
•Prove
  that
Proof :
•Prove
  that
Proof :RHS :
Let
and
Logarithmic tables
There two type of logarithms
(i) Natural logarithms
(ii) common logarithms
•To  determine the logarithms of positive real number,
we need
(i) Characteristics
(ii) mantissa
•Characteristics
 
Rule to determine the Characteristics
(i) If the number is greater than or equal to
Characteristics
For example : characteristics of

(ii) If the number is less than

Characteristics
For example : characteristics of
We write
Exercise 2.4
Find the characteristic of logarithmic of following
numbers.
(i)43.84
(ii)538.6
(iii)7142000
(iv)9.876
Exercise 2.4
Find the characteristic of logarithmic of following
numbers.
(i)0.01205
(ii)0.00064
(iii)0.00000345
(iv)0.000000002708
Rule to determine mantissa
Rule to determine mantissa
Find the mantissa of logarithmic of following
numbers.
(i)36.7
(ii)5984
(iii)6.2
(iv)0.0135
Find the mantissa of logarithmic of following
numbers.
(i)0.00000008
(ii)0.7824
(iii)83.25
(iv)9.876
•Evaluate
  the following using log tables
5 .(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
6. (i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
•How  to find the antilog
Let
To find the antilog of proceed as follow
(i) Read antilog table for positive fractional
Part(mantissa) of in the same manner as log table
(ii) If the integral part (characteristic) of number is
(non negative) then the pace decimal point after
point.
(iii) If the integral part (characteristic) of number is
( negative) then the pace decimal point after writing
zeroes on the left side of the number obtained from
antilog table .
•Using
  antilog table find x
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
•  
Evaluate the following using log tables (i)
Let Take log on both the side
•  
(ii)
•  
(iii)
•  
(iv)
•Simplify
  the following
Q1.

Q2.
•Q1.
 
Ans:
•Q2.
 
Ans:
•Q3.If
  and prove that
•Q3.If
  and prove that

Ans: since