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Measles
Measles
ES
DEFINITION
An acute and highly contagious viral
disease characterized by fever, runny
nose, cough, red eyes, and a spreading skin
rash. Measles, also known as rubeola, is
a potentially disastrous disease. Measles
is caused by morbillivirus.
RISK FACTORS
Lack of vaccination
Vitamin A defficiency
Immunocompromised
Individual
Pregnant women
Very young
Very old
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Runny or blocked nose
Sneezing
Watery eyes
Swollen eyelids
White spots inside the mouth
Sore throat
Cough
Fever
Tiredness, irritability, and general lack of
energy
DISEASE PROCESS
The measles virus is transmitted by air as droplets
infect the respiratory system; it is manifested in a
widespread skin rash. The measles virus is transmitted
via the respiratory route and replicates in the
nasopharynx and regional lymph nodes within 2 to 3
days after exposure. A secondary viremia occurs 1
week later and is spread to nearby tissues. The
incubation period from exposure to prodrome (early
stage of symptoms indicating a disease) is 10 to 12
days, with the onset of rash within 14 to 21 days.
MODE OF
TRANSMISSION
The virus is transmitted by direct
contact with infectious droplets or by
airborne spread when an infected
person breathes, coughs, or sneezes.
Measles virus can remain infectious in
the air for up to two hours after an
infected person leaves an area.
PREVENTION
Getting vaccinated is the best way to prevent measles.
Two doses of the measles vaccine are 97% effective at preventing measles
infection.
Practice good hand hygiene. Wash your hands before eating, after using
the bathroom, and before touching your face, mouth, or nose.
Don’t share personal items with people who may be ill. This can include
things like eating utensils, drinking glasses, and toothbrushes.
Avoid coming into contact with people who are sick
TREATMENT
Acetaminophen (tylenol) or ibuprofen
(advil) to reduce fever
Rest to help boost your immune system
Plenty of fluids
A humidifier to ease a cough and sore
throat
Vitamin A supplements
Measles
THANK YOU!