Chapter 5

Irrigation Channel

Ratih Indri H.

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Sub LO
Students are able to design the channel dimension,
check the channel elevation, and draw the channel
according to the design criteria

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Non erodible channel

Open Channel Hydraulic

Q=VxA Coninuity Law
V = 1/n . R2/3 . S1/2 Manning Formula

Q=Discharge (m3/s)
V=Flow velocity (m/s) B
n=Manning coeff
R=Hydraulic radius=A/P (m)
S=Slope H
A=Wet area (m2)
P=Wet perimeter (m)
A=(b+mh)h
P=b+2h(m2+1)
B=b+mh
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Manning formula

n
Channel Lining
A. Culvert
1. Straight 0,011
2. Curved 0,013
3. Plastered concrete 0,012
4. With control chamber, outlet, inlet, straight 0,015
B. Channel
a. Sement
1. Fine plastering 0,011
2. Normal mix 0,013
b. Concrete
1. Plastered with trowel 0,013
2. Light plastered 0,015
3. Plastered 0,017
4. Not plastered 0,017
5. Mix spray, smooth 0,019
6. Mix spray, not smooth 0,022
7. On the uniform excavated rock 0,020
8. On the non-uniform excavated rock 0,027
c. Brick
1. Fine plastered 0,013
2. Plastered 0,015
d. Stone masonry
1. With mortar 0,025
2. Without mortar 0,032

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Channel slope (m)
• Stone : < 0.25
• Concrete :
Tebal air di sawah
0.5 s/d 1 Water layer at farm

Freeboard:
• Q (m3/s)< 1.5 : 0.20 m
• Q 1.5 – 5.0 : 0.25 m
• Q 5.0 – 10.0 : 0.30 m
• Q 10.0 – 15.0 : 0.40 m
• Q > 15.0 : 0.50 m

Levee width
Q (m3/s) Without inspection With inspection road
road (m) (m)
<1 1 3
1–5 1.5 5
5 – 10 2 5
10 – 15 3.5 5
> 15.0 3.5 >5
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Appropriate design
• Channel width is uniform or bigger to downstream
• Easy to construct
• Channel bed is higher than farm

Lining thickness
Stone : 30 cm
Concrete : Q < 6 m3/s: 8 cm
Q > 6 m3/s: 10 cm
Reinforced concrete: 7 cm

Dimension
Stone : > 30 cm
Concrete : > 20 cm

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Control/Permissible Flow
1. Max V
- Masonry : 2 m/s
- Concrete : 3 m/s
2. Min V : 0,25 m/s
3. Flow type: subcritical

Flow type:
• Subcritical Fr < 1
V
• Supercritical Fr > 1 Fr 
• Critical Fr = 1 gD
Where:
Fr = Froude number
V = Flow velocity (m/s)
g = Gravitational acceleration (m/s2)
D = Hydraulic depth = A/B (m)
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Energy

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A = Elevation of highest farm
f = Energy loss due to culvert=5cm
g = Energy loss due to off take/division
structure=@10cm
Dh = Water depth variation =0,1h
Z = Energy loss due to irrigation construction=10cm

Farm water layer: 0.1m

Water elevation at primary/secondary channel:

P=A+f+g+Dh+Z
Total losses < Energy Gradient  OK

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 If V meets the requirement Levee
BK1 Water
Bed
BK2
Farm/earth

If V or Fr > permissible V or Fr: Levee

• Reduce slope  Embankment BK1 Water
Bed
timbun
in the downstream Farm/earth
BK2

• Construct drop structure

Levee
BK1 Water
Bed
Farm/earth
BK2

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If V<permissible V:
• Increase channel roughness/n
• Increase slope  Embankment in the upstream

Levee
Water
Embankment
Bed
Farm/earth
BK1 BK2

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 Exercise: Please design the channel

Qkap
No. Sal
(m³/dt)

BB2-BB1 0.301
BB1-BS1 0.516
BW1-BP1 0.215
BS1-Intake 0.946

El. Tanah Asli Kontrol Losses (m)

Dimensi
Qkap Qhit Beda tinggi Kontrol
No. Sal. L (m) Sasli n V (m/dt) Fr Srenc H (m)
(m3/dt) Jagaan (m3/dt) Vmin Vmax energi (m) boks boks sadap/bagi/ variasi Elevasi
Bawah Atas b (m) h (m) m B (m) A (m2) D (m) P (m) R (m) Fr sawah bang. Iri jumlah
(m) (m/dt) (m/dt) kuarter tersier bagi dadap h

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

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Channel drawing

• Necessary drawing
• Long section of channel (trace), includes
• Earth elevation
• Channel bed elevation
• Water elevation
• Levee elevation
• Channel info
• Cross section, includes:
• Chanel geometry
• Technical spec of materialsaluran
• Elevation

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Channel bed elevation=Earth elevation+water layer thickness at farm (0.1m)+losses (if any)
Long section drawing

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Cross section drawing

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