INTEGRATION INTO THE SPANISH EMPIRE

UNIFICATION OF THE PHILIPPINES UNDER THE

SPANISH RULE
SPANISH
RULE  Spain ruled the Philippines for more than 300 years (1565-
1898).

 During the Spanish regime, the people were highly

centralized under the influenced of the Catholic Church.
ADMINISTRATIVE
ORGANIZATION
 The National Government- The Governor-General, appointed by
the Spanish monarch, was the head of the Spanish colonial
government in the country.

 Audencia Real or Royal Audencia-The supreme court and lower

courts in the Philippines during Spanish times.

 The Local Government – The Local Government is below the

National Government, and its units are the Provinces, Towns, Cities,
and Barrios.
ECONOMIC INSTITUTION IMPOSED BY
SPAIN
 Encomienda - The encomienda was not a land gift, but rather a royal favor in which
the Spaniard who received it was granted the authority to collect tributes–or taxes–
from the people of that country entrusted to him. The man who received this favor
was called encomendero. The encomienda was, therefore, a public office.

There were three kinds of Encomiendas:

1. The Royal Encomiendas- Belongs to the King
2. The Ecclesiastical Encomiendas- Belongs to the Church
3. Private Encomiendas- Belongs to private individuals
 Taxation - The purpose of paying taxes was for the protection that the Filipinos had
received from their Datu. To support the colony also, several forms of taxes were
imposed.

1. Tithe- Is the payment of the 10 percent of an individual’s annual income to the

government.

2. Sanctorum- Is the tax being paid as support to the church.

3. Tribute (Buwis)- Is the tax or rent given to the landlord a resident is under.

 Forced Labor or Polo Y Servicio- Polo Y Servicio is the forced labor for 40 days of men
ranging from 16 to 60 years old of age who were obligated to give personal services to
community projects.
 The Galleon Trade- Galleon Trade was the main source of income for the colony during
its early years. Service was inaugurated in 1565 and continued into the early 19 th
century.
CHALLENGES TO SPANISH IMPOSITION
OF SOVEREIGNTY

 There were Chinese Pirates who sometimes came to control

Manila.
 The Japanese under the leadership of Hideyoshi, claimed control
of the country.
 British invaded the Philippines as a result of Spain’s involvement
in the seven years’ war.
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMS
 Economic Society Of Friends Of The Philippines - Economical De Los Amigos
del Paisa was established in Manila in 1781, it is a counterpart of the societies of
the same name existing throughout the Spanish Empire.
 The Tobacco Monopoly - The development of the Tobacco was the main
Philippine cash crop. 
 The Royal Company of the Philippines – Established by King Charles III in
1785. Unlike the Manila Galleon that only exported China's produce, the Royal
Company exported Philippine Products.
 The Opening of Manila to foreign trade – Spain officially opened the Philippines
to the world trade in 1834.
TRANSFORMATIONS DURING THE
SPANISH COLONIZATION
SOCIAL
TRANSFORMATIONS
 Conversion of the Filipinos to Catholicism
 Beginnings of feudalistic society
 Hispanization of Filipino surnames
 Methaporphosis of bahay Kubo into Bahay na bato
 Indigenization of Spanish and Chinese cuisine
 Change in the Filipino mode of dressing
 Introduction of Spanish language
 Celebration of religious feast honoring patron saints
CULTURAL
TRANSFORMATIONS
 Latin Alphabet
 Art and printing
 Theoretical Literature
 Persistence of folk and colonial art
 Hispanic music and western musical instruments
EDUCATIONAL
TRANSFORMATIONS
• Spanish education

• The oldest universities, colleges,

vocational schools and the first
modern public education system in
Asia