Vectors in Rn

Online Lecture
Ms. Rebecca V. Calderon
 Intended Learning Outcomes:

• At the end of the session the students should be able to:

1. Recognize a vector
2. Perform vector operations 
3. Write a linear combination of a finite set of vectors in V
4. Determine whether a set of vectors with two operations is a vector space.
5. Prove whether a subset W of a vector space is a subspace.
6. Verify whether a set S of vectors in a vector space is a spanning set of V.
7. Determine whether a finite set of vectors in a vector space V is linearly
independent.
 Vectors in the Plane
A vector in the plane is
represented
geometrically by a
directed line segment
whose initial point is
the origin and whose
terminal point is the
point (x1, x2)
This vector is represented by the same ordered
pair used to represent its terminal point. That
is, x =(x1,x2) The coordinates x1 and x2 are
called the components of the vector x. Two
vectors in the plane u = (u1, u2)and v=(v1,v2)
are equal if and only if u1=v1 and u2=v2.
Properties of Vector Addition and Scalar
Multiplication in the Plane
Operations with Vectors in the Plane

• Solution:
 Vectors in Rn
A vector in n -space is represented by an
ordered n-tuple. The set of all n-tuples is
called n-space and is denoted by Rn
A n –tuple (x1,x2…xn) can be viewed as a point
in Rn with the x ’s as its coordinates or as a
vector
Definitions of Vector Addition and Scalar
Multiplication in Rn
Properties of Vector Addition and Scalar
Multiplication in Rn
 Vector Operations in R 3

• Solution
Properties of Additive Identity and Additive
Inverse
 Writing a Vector as a Linear Combination of Other
Vectors

• Solution:
 Seatwork:
A. Given:
1.
2.
3.
4.

B.

1.
2.
 Vector Spaces
Any set that satisfies these properties (or
axioms) is called a vector space, and the
objects in the set are called vectors.
Definition of Vector Space
 Example
• Determine if the set of integers is a vector
space
Proof: Let u and v be any integers
1.u+v = a vector ; u + v = integers close under
addition
2.u+v = v+ u
2+ 3= 3+2
3.- 5.
• Scalar Multiplication
6. Cu = integer
2(-2)= -4
½(-3)= -3/2

Not a vector space bec. Not closed under scalar

multiplication
Subspaces of Vector Spaces
Test for a Subspace
REMARK:
Note that if W is a subspace of a vector space
V then both W and V must have the same zero
vector 0. the simplest subspace of a vector
space is the one consisting of only the zero
vector, This subspace is called the zero
subspace. Another obvious subspace of V is V
itself. Every vector space contains these two
trivial subspaces, and subspaces other than
these two are called proper (or nontrivial)
subspaces.
Determining Subspaces of R2
• Cu= c(-2t, t) where c is scalar and t is any Real
no.
• -2ct, ct
• (-2t, t)
 Determining Subspaces of R3

• Solution:
Linear Dependence and Linear
Independence
Testing for Linear Independence and
Linear Dependence
Example:

• Solution:
 Seatwork:
• Determine whether the set S is linear
independent or dependent
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.