Monitoring During Anaesthesia

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This Presentation will Cover

• AAGBI
• THERMOMETER
• ECG
• CAPNOGRAPHY
• NON INVASIVE/ INVASIVE BP
• PULSE OXIMETER

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 • The anaesthetic patient feels complete and
Introduction partial loss.
• The patient in this condition loss sensation
and become unconscious.
• Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain
and Ireland (AAGBI), is a professional
association for anaesthetists in the United
Kingdom and Ireland.
• Measuring and monitoring of Anaesthesia
could be done with five measure devices such
as:
The thermometer
ECG
Non-Invasive BP
Capnography
Pulse Oximeter 3
What is AAGBI • AAGBI is a foundation which works in the following areas

such as:

• Improve and advance patient care in the field of anaesthesia

and disciplines allied to anaesthesia

• Support and promote research and education in anaesthesia,

science relevant to anaesthesia and medical specialties

allied to anaesthesia.

• Protect, Represent, support, and advance the attention of its

associates

• Support and encourage the worldwide interaction between

anaesthetists
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Thermometer

Temperature monitoring for all

patients given general anesthesia
• Esophagus
• Nasopharynx
• tympanic membrane
• bladder, and
• pulmonary artery.

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 • Thermometer is also used for
Continuation…. Temperature Monitoring and
Perioperative Thermoregulation
• It is also used for measuring the
tissues intervention in patient.
• Anesthetized patients should
usually be diagnosed for more than
30 minutes and should be treated
accordingly.

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ECG • ECG is considered to be an electrocardiogram

• Records the electric signal from patient heart to

squared for different heart situations

• It is concerned with the use of Electrodes that are

placed on the patient’s chest to record his/her heart's

electrical signals

• ECG) monitor patients heart activity

• Small wires (leads) are placed on the skin of patients

chest and held in place by small adhesive patches.

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Appliance of ECG
• Appliance of ECG in

Anaesthesia
 Prepare the skin.

 Find and mark the placements for the electrodes:

 First, identify V1 and V2.

 Next, find and mark V3 – V6.

 Apply electrodes to the chest at V1 – V6.

 Connect wires from V1 to V6 to the recording device.

 Apply limb leads.

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 • Capnography is Machine used to measure the

CAPNOGRAPHY oxygen and carbon dioxide

• Capnography is considered to be the constant

checking of the meditation or “partial pressure

of CO2 in respiratory gases”.

• In the condition of Anaesthesia it is tied with

tidal CO2 (E′CO2) is the utmost partial

compression or deliberation of CO2 in the

breathing gases at the end of an exhaled breath

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If patient is anaesthetised and has
an endo-tracheal (ET) tube in place, • An endotracheal tube is a flexible plastic tube
where Capnography device is
that is placed through the mouth into the
placed?
trachea (windpipe) to help a patient breathe.

• The Capnography device replicates the Endo-

tracheal tube because they both have the same

functions.

• Used for general surgery, Foreign body removal

and protect airway against aspiration,

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 • Non-invasive BP measurement provides either
NON INVASIVE/ INVASIVE BP
intermittent or continuous readings.

• occluding upper arm cuff is used for intermittent

non-invasive monitoring

• BP values are obtained manually (by

auscultation of Korotkoff sounds) or

automatically (e.g., by oscillometry).

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What is occurring in the blood • systolic the blood vessels occurs specifically in
vessel during systolic
the arteries from which the artery walls

stretched down to accommodate extra blood

• Blood pressure of the systole phase and the

diastole phase gives the two pressure readings

for blood pressure.

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 • Pulse Oximeter is considered to be the device

which has usually been placed in the finger tip

PULSE OXIMETER
• It includes light beams which estimates the

oxygen saturation of the pulse and blood rate

• The oxygen saturation also entrails the

information about the amount of oxygen that

has been carried out in the patients body

• The manifestations of these conditions are

common, especially in elderly patients and

patients with asthma, obesity, asthma and

emphysema
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 • False Nails

What factors might interfere with • Cold fingers

an accurate reading?
• Nail Polish

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Conclusion
Anesthesia patients need to be careful, because

painkillers affect the central nervous system, heart

system and respiratory system (air and lungs).

Anesthesia prevents many autoimmune functions.

During the operation or operation, the

anesthesiologist will check your heart, blood

pressure, breathing and other physical signs to

ensure that they are healthy, stable, and remain

unconscious and painless.

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References

• Checketts, M. R., Jenkins, B., & Pandit, J. (2017). Implications of the 2015 AAGBI recommendations for
standards of monitoring during anaesthesia and recovery. Anaesthesia, 72(S1).
• Blaise Pascal, F. N., Musavuli, P. K., Ketha, J. K., Sikakulya, F. K., Barratt-Due, A., Castner, T., & Pollach, G.
(2020). Practice of standard monitoring during anaesthesia in hospitals of North Kivu: a survey of health facilities
of the health antenna of Butembo. BMC health services research, 20, 1-8.
• Duţu, M., Ivaşcu, R., Tudorache, O., Morlova, D., Stanca, A., Negoiţă, S., & Corneci, D. (2018). Neuromuscular
monitoring: an update. Romanian journal of anaesthesia and intensive care, 25(1), 55-60.
• Cofano, F., Zenga, F., Mammi, M., Altieri, R., Marengo, N., Ajello, M., ... & Garbossa, D. (2019). Intraoperative
neurophysiological monitoring during spinal surgery: technical review in open and minimally invasive
approaches. Neurosurgical review, 42(2), 297-307.
• Larsson, J. (2017). Monitoring the anaesthetist in the operating theatre–professional competence and patient
safety. Anaesthesia, 72, 76-83.

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