Relative Clause

A. Adjective
• Adjective is translated to kata sifat.
• Adjective appears near the noun that it’s described.
• A purse
• A black leather purse
• That girl threw away my black leather purse.
• That scary tall girl threw away my black leather purse.

• An adjective clause is a clause (conn+S+V) that functions as an adjective

• A purse which you gave to me
• The girl who lives next door threw away my black leather purse which you
gave to me.
A. Definition
Relative clauses are dependent (subordinate) clauses that modify a
word, phrase, or idea in the independent (main) clause.

Relative clauses start with a relative pronoun: who/whom, whoever /

whomever, whose, which (in which, through which, about which, for
which), that, and sometimes where, when, what, and why.
B. Relative Pronouns
We use
• Who to refer to people
Mike bowers, who is talking now, is the lead scientist here.

• Which to refer to things

Living in a flat which does not have a good plumbing will trouble you.

• That to refer to people or things

I bought a book that told about animals.

• Where to refer to places

A home is a place where you feel safe.
Relative Pronouns
• When to refer to times
Photosynthesis happens during the day, when the sun shines.

• Whose to show possessions

He lived in an old house, whose roof needed repairing.

• Why after the reason(s)

There are good reasons why we have to buy groceries locally.
C. Defining and Non-defining Relative
Clauses
DEFINING CLAUSES NON-DEFINING CLAUSES
• Living in a flat which does not • Mike bowers, who is talking
have a good plumbing will now, is the lead scientist here.
trouble you. • Photosynthesis happens during
• I bought a book that told about the day, when the sun shines.
animals. • He lived in an old house, whose
• A home is a place where you feel roof needed repairing.
safe.
• There are good reasons why we
have to buy groceries locally.
D. The Examples of Relative Clauses
1. Many of Louise Nevelson's sculptures consisted of a number of large
wooden structures______ in complex patterns.
(A) which she arranged
(B) she arranged them
(C) which arranged
(D) arranged them
2. In addition to being a naturalist, Stewart E. White was a writer ______ the
struggle for survival on the American frontier.
(A) whose novels describe
(B) he describes in his novels
(C) his novels describe
(D) who, describing in his novels

3. Seals appear clumsy on the land, ______ are able to move short distances
faster than most people can run.
(A) but they
(B) which they
(C) they
(D)which
4. Gas and dust that stream away from a comet forming one or more
A B C
tails that may extend for millions of miles.
D
5. The attribution of human characteristics to animals or inanimate
A
objects appears in the mythologies of many cultures is a literary device
B C
called anthropomorphism.
D
6. By studying the fossils of pollen, which extremely resistant to decay,
A B
researchers can gain useful information about the vegetation of the past.
C D
E. Relative Clauses with Prepositions
1. After its introduction in 1969, the float process ______ the world's principal
method of manufacturing flat sheets of glass.
(A) by which it became (C) became
(B) it became (D) which became

2. In 1850, Yale University established Sheffield Scientific School, _____

(A) engineers were educated there (C) in which were engineers educated
(B) where engineers were educated (D) where were engineers educated