DRAMA

Playwright

 Playwright is the author or writer of a drama text or play

 Ola Rotimi is the playwright of the play “The Gods are Not to Blame”,
 Wole Soyinka is the playwright of “The Lion and the Jewel”
 William Shakespeare is the playwright of “The Twelfth Night".
Characters

 These are the persons, animals, other creatures or things that the
playwright has created to act out the play or drama.
 Flat characters are static characters that do not change from the beginning to
the end of the play.
 Round characters in contrast to the flat characters, are dynamic and they
grow and develop with the play. Everything about them is revealed in the
play. They are usually the main characters of the play.
PLOT - is the organized sequence of
events
Introduction / Exposition / Lead 
Inciting Incident / Initial Action
Rising Action
Foreshadowing
Flashback
Subplot
Suspense
Complications and Crises  
Dilemmas 
Climax
Falling Action
Denouement
Ending
Happy
Sad
Indeterminate
Full Circle
PLOT DEVICES - elements introduced to the story to
advance, delay or resolve the conflict

 Complications / Dillemas / Crises

 Suspense
 MacGuffins
 Red Herrings
 Foreshadowing
 Flashback
 Subplot
 Dues ex Machina
POINT OF VIEW

 FIRST PERSON SUBJECTIVE - The narrator is a character in the story. This is

easily identifiable through the use of the word "I"
 SECOND PERSON POINT OF VIEW
 THIRD PERSON POINTS OF VIEW 
 Third Person Objective - In this case, the narrator operates like a camera
and reveals what is seen, but not what the characters think.
 Third Person Omniscient - This is a story told from the point of view of the
storyteller who knows all the facts. The narrator is all-seeing and reveals the
thoughts and emotions of all characters.
 Third Person Limited Omniscient -Third person limited is when the narrator
is an outsider who sees into the mind of one character. 
SETTING

 Time and Place

 Atmosphere and Mood
CHARACTER

 PROTAGONIST
 ANTAGONIST
 ROUND -Round characters are complex and realistic; they represent a depth of personality which is
imitative of life. 
 FLAT-Flat characters lack a realistic personality. A flat character often only has one or two defining
traits 
 STOCK / STEREOTYPED -A stock character relies heavily on cultural types or names for his or her
personality, manner of speech, and other characteristics. 
 STATIC -A static character does not undergo significant change. They remain basically unchanged
throughout an entire work. 
 DYNAMIC - A dynamic character is one who changes significantly during the course of the story.   
 CHARACTER FOIL -A foil is a character that contrasts with another character, usually the protagonist,
and so highlights various facets of the main character's personality. 
 ANTI HERO - A central character in a story who lacks the conventional heroic attributes. A flawed hero.
CHARACTERIZATION
  DIRECT-The author directly tells the reader what the character is like. 
 INDIRECT -The character is understood through his / her speech, thoughts,
actions, and appearance. 
 DIALOGUE - the conversations between characters.
CONFLICT

 EXTERNAL / PHYSICAL
 INTERNAL / PSYCHOLOGICAL
 THEME -is the argument or general idea expressed by a literary work,
whether implied or explicitly stated. Often it is an observation about life or
people