SURVEYING

BERNAL, AIDYL KATE BSAR 2B

A. What is surveying?

B. What is the relevance of surveying in the field of architecture?

C. What is the importance of surveying in our

Society
Economy
Profession of engineers and architects
SURVEYING
 “Surveying is the art and science of
determining the relative positions of various
points or stations on the surface of the earth
by measuring the horizontal and vertical
distances, angles, and taking the details of
these points and by preparing a map or plan
to any suitable scale.”

Surveying is the method of analyzing and

documenting the features of a land area span
in order to design a plan or map for
construction.

Total Station is the currently preferred

Surveying equipment in the industry.
CATEGORIES OF SURVEYING
Geodetic Surveying
Cadastral Surveying
Topographical Surveying
As Built Surveying
Photogrammetry (Aerial Surveying)
LiDAR (Aerial Surveying)

FUNDAMENTAL TECHNIQUES
Triangulation
Trilateration
Traverse
Leveling
Radiation
GEODETIC SURVEYING:
Surveys are carried out on a large scale with the
help of control networks spanning over long
distances.

CADASTRAL SURVEYING:
Surveys are carried out to define land ownership
and boundaries.

TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYING:
Surveys are carried out to determine land structure
along with variation in land heights.
AS BUILT SURVEYING:
Surveys are carried out after completion of a
construction project to check variance from
proposed design.

PHOTOGRAMMETRY (AERIAL SURVEYING):

Surveys are carried out by taking photographs
from elevated ground stations.

LIDAR (AERIAL SURVEYING):

Surveys are carried out using remote sensors and
light reflected by lasers to measure distances.
FUNDAMENTAL TECHNIQUES

TRIANGULATION:
In this technique numerous triangles are inter-
connected and overlapped to measure angles
from a surveying station.

TRILATERATION:
It follows the same technique as in Triangulation
with additional use of Electronic Distance Meter
(EDM).

TRAVERSE:
In this technique multiple lines of pre-measured
lengths are inter-connected to measure angles
and distances.
LEVELING:
In this technique the difference in heights in
a terrain are measured with the help of
graduated rods.

RADIATION:
In this technique radiating lines are drawn
from a focal point to defined boundaries
converted to a small scale surveying sheet.

Surveying finds multiple industrial

applications across various domains. It is an
integral part of Civil Engineering Discipline.
 Uses of Surveying
• To prepare a topographical
map which shows hills, valleys,
rivers, forests, villages, towns etc

. • To prepare a cadastral map

which shows the boundaries of
fields, plots, houses and other
properties.

• To prepare an engineering map

which shows the position of
engineering works such as
buildings, roads, railways, dams,
canals.
Important components of
Surveying:
Mapping takes places before design and
contributes with the topography over which design
is made.

Setting out is useful after the design, to locate the

designed features on the site.
RELEVANCE OF SURVEYING IN THE FIELD OF ARCHITECTURE

Architects design buildings with

consideration for the existing
context, including the
topography of the site.

The survey (created by

surveyors) is the base on which
architects work shaping
buildings and terrain together.
The 'setting out' part of
surveying is also useful in the
construction process to locate
buildings and other features
with precision on the site.
 SOCIETY:
-With the pivotal role surveys play in any and

IMPORTANCE OF SURVEYING
all construction projects (among other things),
land surveying will be able to assist in
minimizing our environmental footprint.
- When dividing land into smaller parcels, you
will require surveying services. Even an
addition to your home is likely to necessitate
a survey to ensure all proposed construction
is in compliance with setbacks and other
boundaries.

ECONOMY:
National economic development planning.
They set the information foundation that has
integrity and is reliable, robust and can be
used for socioeconomic planning, land use
planning, fiscal and other national
development policy.
IMPORTANCE OF SURVEYING

PROFESSION OF ENGINEERS AND ARCHITECTS:

The data gathered from surveying helps
establish planning and design and provides
data that can be used to determine the best
course of action. These can be as diverse as
deciding the routes of major infrastructure
projects, to planning a simple house
extension.
SO WITH SURVEYING BEING THE BASIS OF SO MANY THINGS, WHAT WOULD WE BE WITHOUT IT?