Clauses

BY ASEP SAEPULOH, S.S., M.PD

How do you translate these sentences?

 The woman who lives next door is a registered nurse.

 That dog that you found belongs to the Olsons.
 Larry's
letter, which he mailed Tuesday, reached me on
Thursday.
 Math, which is Dave's favorite subject, has always been easy
for him.
What is clause?
Group of words that forms part of a sentence, has a subject & a
predicate of its own
Kinds of Clause

Clause

Independent Clause Subordinate Clause

Independent of Clause
 An independent (or main)
clause expresses a complete thought.
 It can stand by itself as a sentence.
 It has both a subject and a verb.
Examples
 Halle ate a late dinner.
 Kevin went to the movies.
 Travis and Eric gave donations to help others.
 Savannah collected money.
 Mercy offered us a ticket.
Subordinate of Clause
 A subordinate(or dependent) clause does not
express a complete thought.
 Itdoes have a subject
and a verb.
 But… it cannot stand Examples
alone as a sentence.  after Kedon ate dinner
 because Mary saved the drowning girl
 when Amy gave a party
 that we thought was right
 before Sam left the room
 whom Mrs. Brooks knew
Types of Clause

Types of clause  Adjective Clause – is a subordinate clause used as

an adjective to modify a noun or pronoun

 Adverb Clause – is a subordinate clause used as an

adverb to modify an adjective, adverb, or a verb
Adjective Adverb Noun
clause clause clause  Noun Clause – is a subordinate clause used as a
noun.
Adjective Clause
Play the role of an adjective
Examples:
 The umbrella with a broken handle is mine (phrase)
 The umbrella which has a broken handle is mine (clause )
Adjective clause is a clause that modifies a noun or a pronoun. It begins with a relative
pronoun.
Some clauses function as modifiers in the same way adjective and adjective phrases do.
Adjective clauses give more information about a noun or pronoun. They are easy to find
because they usually begin with these words:
These words are relative pronouns.
 Ellen is the girl who wishes to study law.
 She reads everything that she can on the subject.
 Her aunt, who is a lawyer, encourages her.
Adjective Function Simple Forms Examples
Clause

Who Subject • The people live next door. The people who live next door are good
person • They are good neighbors. neighbors
Whom Object • He is the man. He is the man whom we all respect
person • We all respect him.
Whose Possessivit • Do you know the woman? Do you know the woman whose picture is in the
y • His picture is in the magazine. magazine?
Which Thing • The game was played yesterday. The game, which was played yesterday, ended in
• It ended in a tie. a tie.
Where Place • I visited the town. I visited the town where they met
• They met there.
When Time • The boat leaves. The time when the boat leaves is not yet fixed
• The time is not yet fixed.
That Person/thin • She bought the cake. The cake that she bought was delicious
g • It was delicious.
Identifying Adjective Clauses. Underline the adjective clause in each of the following sentences. Circle
the word it modifies.

Example: The book that he wrote has just been published.

1. Mike, whose ancestors came from Ireland, marched in the St. Patrick's Day parade.
2. Williamsburg, Virginia, is a place that I'd like to visit.
3. Summer, which is my favorite season, will be here in another week.
4. Phil is reading The Call of the Wild, which is Jack London's most famous book.
5. We live just twenty miles from O'Hare Airport, which is the world's busiest airport.
6. Newton, Iowa, is the town where Barbara was born.
7. I'm taking golf lessons from Erika Lavery, who is a pro at the country club.
8. Mr. Hartman is a history teacher who also coaches track.
9. The Harveys have a dog that is fourteen years old.
10. For dinner, we had chicken fried steak, which is my favorite dish.
Find and copy the adjective clauses in the following sentences.
Underline the relative pronoun. Tell what word each clause
modifies.
1. The boy who sits next to Sally asked her for a book.
2. He told a story that was absolutely unbelievable.
3. Amy saw a bird that she couldn’t identify.
4. Ms. Finkelstein is a teacher who works very hard.
5. The girl who won the Debating Club award is planning to go to law school and
enter politics later.
6. The Diary of Anne Frank is the book that I read.
7. Lan-Hua Yin is a friend whom I always trust.
8. The jester performed tricks that amused the monarch.
Adverbial clause
An adverb, and adverb phrase, and an adverb clause can modify a verb, and adjective, or another
adverb. Adverbs and groups of words that function as adverbs answer where, when, why, how, and
how much.
 Adverb : Suddenly, we were completely lost.
 Adverb phrase : We were lost in an underground cave.
 Adverb clause : After Lonnie fell and broke the compass, we were lost.
Adveb clauses begin with a special kind of connective called a subordinating conjunction.
After As long as Since Though When Wherever
Although Because So that Unless Whenever Whether
As Before Than Until Where While
As if If That

A clause that modifies a verb, and adjective, or and an other adverb is an adverb clause. An adverb clause
begins with a subordinating conjunction.
Find and copy the adverb clause in each of the following sentences.
Underline the subordinating conjuction.
1. She pointed a rainbow on the closet door when she redecorated her room.
2. No one can go into the kitchen until the floor dries.
3. Whenever I stay up late, I become very hungry.
4. Carl is baby-sitting and looking for other jobs because he needs the money.
5. Since Alison moved away, no one has heard from her.
Noun clause
A noun clause does the work of a noun. A noun clause may function as a subject, a
direct object, a predicate noun, or an object of a preposition.
 Mr. Jorgensen showed us his repair kit.
 Mr. Jorgensen showed us how he repairs television sets.
Another example of noun clauses.
 What you say interest me. (subject)
 Kathy knows when the dog is hungry. (direct object)
 Here is a list of what I need. (object of preposition)
Copy the following sentences. Underline the noun clauses.

1. His parents give him whatever he wants.

2. The police suspect that the witness is lying.
3. I hope that you are right.
4. The solution is that Regina play the part.
5. He eats whatever he finds in the referigator.
6. Please take whichever one you like.