Institute of Philology and

Multilingual Education
The specialty: 6B01703-Foreign
language:
two foreign languages
completed the task: Akimbek Akbota
Suramayeva Nurgul
Kainidenov Rassul
Adaeva Ulpan
Фамилия донтфоргет Balzhan
 PRESENTATION PLAN
1) War of "Scarlet and White Roses":
prerequisites, course of the war, its
consequences.
2) The Tudor dynasty.
3) Henry VII
4) Henry VIII
5) Edward VI
6) Elizabeth I
7) Mary I
War of "Scarlet and White Roses"
 The War of Scarlet and White Rose or the War (Wars) of Roses
is a series of armed dynastic conflicts between groups of the
nobility in 1455-1485 in the struggle for power between the
outside parties of the two branches of the English Plantagenet
dynasty - Lancaster and York.
 In
Inreality,
reality,this
thisprotracted
protracted
conflict
conflictcan
canbebedivided
dividedinto
into
three
threeacute
acutestages
stages

1455-1464
1455-1464
1469-1471
1469-1471
The
Thebeginning
beginningofof 1483-1487
1483-1487
the
thewarrior The
warrior Thereturn
returnofof
Henry VI Return
Henry VI Returnofof
Lancasters
Lancasters
The white rose was one of the main The use of a red rose as a
emblems of Edward IV and the Lancaster symbol
House of York.
 Prerequisites
• Defeat of England in the
Hundred Years War. This
not only led to a
deterioration in the
economic condition of the
country, but also to
discontent with the current
government, which the
people blamed for this
defeat.
• King Henry VI. He sat on the
throne as a baby. The king was
from the Lancaster dynasty, and
the Yorkies demanded custody
of him. Later, the Yorkies began
to demand not just custody, but
the crown for themselves
personally, when it became clear
that the matured Henry VI was
mentally ill. It was true that he
had fits of insanity from time to
time. The very personality of
this king became one of the
main reasons for the War of the
Scarlet and White Rose.
1421-1471
1421-1471
• A congestion of unemployed soldiers. After the end of the
Hundred Years War, it turned out that there were a lot of soldiers
left in England who were left without work. They were not
adapted to a peaceful life, so they were often hired to serve with
the English barons, who thereby quickly built up their armies.
• Financial crisis in Europe. He also became one of the
economic reasons for the War of the Scarlet and White Rose,
coinciding with it in time. The crisis erupted due to a shortage
of precious metals for minting coins, which led to a drop in state
treasury revenues.
• The impoverishment of
the population. Having
lost their mainland
possessions in the
Hundred Years War, the
British lost many trade
routes with neighboring
countries. This led to the
collapse of a huge number
of small trading
enterprises in England.
 Course of the war

In 1455, the Yorkists celebrated

the victory at the First Battle of St.
Albans, after which the English
Parliament declared Richard of York
the protector of the kingdom, the
Supreme Constable of England and
the heir to Henry VI.

Richard Plantagenet,
Richard Plantagenet,
3rd Duke of York
3rd Duke of York
1411-1460
1411-1460
 Margaret of Anjou - wife of
King Henry VI of England.
The chief commander of
Margaret of Anjou, Henry
Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, won a
major victory for her at the Battle
of Wakefield on December 30,
1460.
This was followed by a victory
on February 17, 1461 in the second Margaret of Anjou
battle of St. Albans, in which Margaret of Anjou
1430-1482
Margaret was directly involved 1430-1482
 Eldest son of Richard, Duke of
York and Cecilia Neville. After the
death of his father in 1460 at the
Battle of Wakefield, he inherited
his titles of Earl of Cambridge,
March, Ulster and Duke of York,
and led the White Rose party. In
1461, at the age of eighteen, he
ascended the English throne with
the support of his powerful cousin
Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick.
In the same year, the Yorkists won
victories at Mortimer Cross and at
Towton.
As a result of the latter, the main forces of the Lancastrians were
defeated, and King Henry VI and Queen Margaret fled the country.
 Active hostilities resumed in 1470, when the Earl of
Warwick ("Maker of Kings") and the Duke of Clarence
(younger brother of Edward IV), who had gone over to the
Lancastrian side, returned Henry VI to the throne.
Edward IV and his other brother Richard, Duke of
Gloucester, fled to Burgundy, from where they returned in
1471. The Duke of Clarence again went over to his
brother's side, and the Yorkists won victories at Barnet and
Tewkesbury.

In the same year in the Tower with

the death (probably murder) of Henry
VI himself, it was the end of the
Lancaster dynasty.
 In July 1474, Edward IV and Charles the
Bold concluded an agreement on the coming
alliance.
In 1475, the king Edward IV embarked
on a military expedition to France, wanting
to take revenge for the defeat in the Hundred
Years War and to take revenge on the King of
France for supporting the Lancasters in the
War of the Roses.
King of France
King of France
Louis XI
Louis XI
1423-1483
1423-1483
It ended with the conclusion of an
agreement at Pikigny.
 Аfter the death of Edward IV, the late monarch's brother, Richard III,
took the throne. Soon, however, the Lancaster returned with renewed
vigor, bringing with them an army of French mercenaries. Richard III was
killed in action, and Henry VII Tudor, a relative of the Lancaster family,
became the new king. At the same time, Henry VII almost immediately
married Elizabeth of York, daughter of the late Edward IV, thereby
uniting the Lancaster and York dynasties.
At the end of the war, King Henry VII combined the red and white
roses of the factions into a single red and white Tudor Rose.
 Its consequences

• Change of government in England. The Tudor dynasty,

which held out at the helm for 117 years, began to rule the
country.

• End of the English Middle Ages. It is believed that it was

from 1485 that the New Age began in England, which
brought with it many changes.

• Strengthening the monarchy. As a result of the War of the

Scarlet and White Rose, power was centralized in the hands
of the king, but the influence of the feudal lords was
significantly weakened.
• England's loss of influence on the mainland. After
the Hundred Years War, the British lost almost all
possessions on the continent, except for the city of
Calais (which was later also returned to the French).
One of the consequences of the War of the Scarlet and
White Rose was the reduction of English influence in
France to near-zero point.

• Many nobles died. Oddly enough, this led to a calming

degree of tension in England. Killed from a quarter to a
third of the barons and peers (the highest nobility) on
both sides, and the surviving en masse decided not to
risk it again. At the same time, some noble dynasties
disappeared altogether.
 The Tudor dynasty
House of Tudor, an English royal dynasty of Welshorigin, which gave
five sovereigns to England:
 Henry VII (reigned 1485–1509);
 his son, Henry VIII (1509–47); followed by Henry VIII’s three children;
 Edward VI (1547–53), 
 Mary I (1553–58)
 Elizabeth I (1558–1603).
The origins of the Tudors can be traced to the 13th century, but the family’s
dynasticfortuneswereestablishedby Owen Tudor (c. 1400–61), a
Welshadventurerwho took service with Kings Henry V and Henry VI and
foughton the Lancastrian side in the WarsoftheRoses; he was be headed after
theYorkist victory at Mortimer’s Cross (1461). Owen had married HenryV’s
Lancastrian widow, Catherine of Valois;and their eldest son, Edmund (c.
1430–56), was created Earl of Richmond by Henry VI and married Margaret
Beaufort, the Lady Margaret, who, as great-grand daughter
of EdwardIII’s son John of Gaunt, held a distant claim to the throne, as a
Lancastrian. Their only child, Henry Tudor, was born after Edmund’s death.
In 1485 Henry led an invasion against theYorkist king Richard
III and defeated him at Bosworth Field. As Henry VII, he
claimed the throne by just title of in heritance and by the
judgment of God given in battle, and he cemented his claim
by marrying Elizabeth, the daughter of Edward IV and
heiress of the House of York. The Tudor rose symbolized the
union by representing the red rose of the Lancastrians
superimposed upon the white rose of theYorkists.
The Tudor dynasty was marked by HenryVIII’s break with the
papacy in Rome (1534) and the beginning of the English
Reformation, which, after turn sand trials, culminated in the
establishment of the Anglican church under Elizabeth I. The
period witnessed the high point of the English Renaissance.
During Elizabeth’s reign, too, through a generation of wars,
Spain and the Irish rebels were beaten, the independence of
France and of the Dutch was secure, and the unity
of England wasassured.
By act of Parliament (1544) and his own will and
testament, Henry VIII left the crown to his three
children in turn—Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I—
and provided that, in the event that they died with out
issue, the crown would pass to the descendant so his
younger sister, Mary, before those of his elder sister,
Margaret, widow of  James IV of Scotland. During
herreign, Elizabeth refused to choose between Edward
Seymour, Lord Beauchamp (descendant of Mary) and
King James VI of Scotland (descendant of Margaret)—
the former being the heirunder HenryVIII’s will and act
of succession and the latter being the heir by strict here
ditary succession. On her death bed, however, she
selected the king of Scotland—who became James I of
Great Britain, first of the English House of Stuart
 Henry VII
King of England
Henry VII, also called Henry
Tudor, earl of Richmond,
(born January 28, 1457, 
Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire
, Wales—died April 21, 1509,
Richmond, Surrey, England), 
king of England (1485–1509),
who succeeded in ending the 
Wars of the Roses between the
houses of Lancaster and York
and founded theTudor dynasty.
Henry VII
Henry VII
1457-1509
1457-1509
 Earlylife
Henry, son of Edmund Tudor, earl of Richmond, and Margaret
Beaufort, was born nearly three months after his father’s death.
His father was the son of Owen Tudor, a Welshsquire, and
Catherine of France, the widow of King Henry V. His mother
was the great-grand daughter of John of Gaunt, duke of
Lancaster, whose children by Catherine Swynford were born
before he married her. Henry IV had confirmed Richard II’s
 legitimation (1397) of the children of this union but had
specifically excluded the Beauforts from any claim to the throne
(1407). Henry Tudor’s claim to the throne was, therefore, weak
and of no importance until the death sin 1471 of HenryVI’s only
son, Edward, of his own two remainingkins men of the Beaufort
line, and of Henry VI himself, which suddenly made Henry
Tudor the sole surviving male with any ancestral claim to the 
house of Lancaster.
 As his mother was only 14 when he was born and soon married again, Henry
was brought up by his uncle Jasper Tudor, earl of Pembroke. When the 
Lancastrian cause crashed to disaster at the Battle of Tewkes bury (May 1471),
Jasper took the boy out of the country and sought refugein the duchy of
Brittany. The house of York then appeared so firmly established that Henry
seemed likely to remain in exilefor the rest of his life. The usurpation of 
Richard III (1483), however, split the Yorkistparty and gave Henry his
opportunity. His first chance came in 1483 when his aid was sought torally
Lancastriansin support of there bellion of Henry Stafford, duke of
Buckingham, but that revolt was defeated before Henry could land in England.
To unite the opponents of Richard III, Henry had promised to
marry Elizabethof York, eldest daughter of Edward IV; and the coalition of
Yorkistsand Lancastrians continued, helped by French support, since Richard
III talked of invading France. In 1485 Henry landed at Milford Haven in Wales
 and advanced toward London. Thanks largely to the desertion of his
stepfather, Lord Stanley, to him, hedefeated and slew Richard III at the Battle of
Bosworth on August 22, 1485. Claiming the throne by just title of inheritance
and by the judgment of God in battle, he was crowned on October 30 and
secured parliamentary recognition of his title early in November. Having
established his claim to be king in his own right, he married Elizabeth of York
 on January 18, 1486
Henry VIII
 Edward VI
 Edward VI (12 October 1537 – 6 July
1553) was the King of England and
Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his
death in 1553. He was crowned on 20
February at the age of nine.[1] Edward
was the son of Henry VIII and Jane
Seymour and England's first monarch
to be raised as a Protestant.[2] During
his reign, the realm was governed by a
regency council because he never
reached maturity. The council was first
led by his uncle Edward Seymour, 1st
Duke of Somerset (1547–1549), and
then by John Dudley, 1st Earl of
Warwick (1550–1553), who from 1551 Edward IV
Edward IV
was Duke of Northumberland. 1442-1483
1442-1483
 Edward's reign was marked by economic problems and social
unrest that in 1549 erupted into riot and rebellion. An
expensive war with Scotland, at first successful, ended with
military withdrawal from Scotland and Boulogne-sur-Mer in
exchange for peace. The transformation of the Church of
England into a recognisably Protestant body also occurred
under Edward, who took great interest in religious matters. His
father, Henry VIII, had severed the link between the Church
and Rome, but had never permitted the renunciation of
Catholic doctrine or ceremony. It was during Edward's reign
that Protestantism was established for the first time in England
with reforms that included the abolition of clerical celibacy and
the Mass, and the imposition of compulsory services in English.
 In February 1553, at age 15, Edward fell ill. When his
sickness was discovered to be terminal, he and his
council drew up a "Devise for the Succession" to
prevent the country's return to Catholicism. Edward
named his first cousin once removed, Lady Jane Grey,
as his heir, excluding his half-sisters, Mary and
Elizabeth. This decision was disputed following
Edward's death, and Jane was deposed by Mary nine
days after becoming queen. During her reign, Mary
reversed Edward's Protestant reforms, which
nonetheless, after Mary's death, became the basis of the
Elizabethan Religious Settlement of 1559.
Elizabeth I
 Mary I
 Mary I (18 February 1516 – 17
November 1558), also known as
Mary Tudor, and as "Bloody Mary"
by her Protestant opponents, was
Queen of England and Ireland from
July 1553 until her death in 1558. She
is best known for her vigorous
attempt to reverse the English
Reformation, which had begun
during the reign of her father, Henry
VIII. Her attempt to restore to the
Church the property confiscated in
the previous two reigns was largely
thwarted by Parliament, but during
Mary I
her five-year reign, Mary had over Mary I
280 religious dissenters burned at the 1516-1558
1516-1558
stake in the Marian persecutions.
 Mary was the only child of Henry VIII by his first wife,
Catherine of Aragon, to survive to adulthood. Her younger
half-brother, Edward VI, succeeded their father in 1547 at
the age of nine. When Edward became mortally ill in 1553,
he attempted to remove Mary from the line of succession
because he supposed, correctly, that she would reverse the
Protestant reforms that had taken place during his reign.
Upon his death, leading politicians proclaimed Lady Jane
Grey as queen. Mary speedily assembled a force in East
Anglia and deposed Jane, who was ultimately beheaded.
Mary was—excluding the disputed reigns of Jane and the
Empress Matilda—the first queen regnant of England. In
1554, Mary married Philip of Spain, becoming queen consort
of Habsburg Spain on his accession in 1556.
 After Mary's death in 1558, her re-establishment of Roman
Catholicism was reversed by her younger half-sister and
successor, Elizabeth I.
THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION