The Art Integrated

Learning
TOPIC  FEATURES OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION
SESSION  2020-21
CLASS  11TH/C
 Acknowledgement

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher

Mr ANIL KUMAR as well as our principal mam Mrs ANITA VASHIST who gave
me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful POWER POINT PRESENTATION
(PPT) which is related to ART INTEGRATED LEARNING (AIL) on the topic of
FEATURES OF CONSTITUTION which also helped me in a lot of research and i
come to know about so many new things which expressed my knowledge so much. I
am really thankful to them. Secondly I would like to thanks my group mates who
helped me a lot in finalizing this PPT within the limited time frames.
 Index
 1. Features of constitution Page no. 4
 2. Federal system with a unitary bias Page no. 5
 3. Secularism Page no. 6
 4. Emergency powers page no. 7
 5. important features of Indian constitution page no. 8
 6. Federal System with Unitary page no. 9
 7. Parliamentary Form of Government page no. 10
 8. Sovereignty page no. 11
 9. judicial system page no. 12
 10. rigidity and flexibility page no. 13
 Directive Principles of State Policy page no. 14
 Features of Indian constitution.
The constitution is a fundamental law of a country that
reflects the fundamental principles on which the
government of the country is based. In this article, learn
some of the interesting features of the Indian Constitution .
The bulkiest constitution of the world
The Indian constitution is one of the bulkiest constitution of the
world, comprising of 395 articles, 22 parts and 12 schedules. So
far the constitution underwent 100 amendments (28 May,
2015).
Rigidity and flexibility
The Indian constitution is combination of rigidity and
flexibility, which means some parts of it can be amended by the
Parliament by a simple majority, whereas some parts require a
two-third majority as well as not less than one-half of the state
legislatures.
Parliamentary system of government
The Indian constitution provides for a parliamentary system of
government, i.e., the real executive power rests with the council
of ministers and the President is only a nominal ruler (Article
74)
Federal system with a unitary bias
The Indian constitution described India as a 'Union
of States' (Article 1), which implies that Indian
federation is not the result of any agreement among
the units and the units cannot secede from it.
Fundamental rights and fundamental duties
The Indian constitution provides an elaborate list of
Fundamental Rights to the citizens of India, which
cannot be taken away or abridged by any law made
by the states (Article 12–35). Similarly, the
constitution also provides a list of 11 duties of the
citizens, known as the Fundamental Duties (Article
51A).
Directive principles of state policy
The Indian constitution mentions certain Directive
Principles of State Policy (Article 36–51) which that
government has to keep in mind while formulating
new policy.
 Secularism
The constitution makes India a secular state by
detaching from religious dogmas (Forty-second
Amendment).Independent judiciary The
constitution provides an independent judiciary
(Article 76) which ensures that the government is
carried on in accordance with the provisions of the
constitution and acts as a guardian of the liberties
and fundamental rights of the citizens.
 Single citizenship
The Indian constitution provides a single
citizenship for all the people residing different
parts of the country and there is no separate
citizenship for the states (Article 5–11).
 Bicameral legislatures
The Indian constitution provides a bicameral
legislatures at centre consisting of Rajya Sabha
(Council of States) and Lok Sabha (House of the
People) (Article 79).
Emergency powers

 The constitution vests extraordinary powers,

known as Emergency Powers in the President
during emergencies out of armed rebellion or
external aggression or due to failure of
constitutional machinery in the state (Article
352–360).

 Special provisions for minorities

The constitution makes special provisions for
minorities, Scheduled castes, Scheduled Tribes,
etc. by granting them certain special rights and
provisions. Basically those are some of the
interesting features of Indian constitution.
Moreover, the constitution also has many other
features such as, Panchayati Raj, Rule of Law,
Provisions for Independent Bodies, etc. which are
very unique in nature.
EIGHT important features of indian constitution

• World’s largest constitution

Indian constitution is the longest written

constitution in the world which originally
had 395 articles, divided into 22 parts and 8
schedules. At present, our constitution
contains 448 articles, with 12 schedules.

• Taken from various sources

• The Indian Constitution was framed
from multiple sources including the 1935
Government of India Act and Other
Countries Constitutions. Feature of
Indian Constitution Borrowed From
(Source)Basic structure (Federal
scheme, Judiciary, Governors,
Emergency powers
 Federal System with Unitary
Features Federal System with Unitar The Indian
Constitution includes all the federal characteristics
of governance such as dual government system
(center and state),division of powers between the
three state organs (executive, judiciary and
legislature), constitutional supremacy, independent
judiciary and bicameralism (lower and upper
house).
Nevertheless, the Indian Constitution is unique in
that it includes many unitary features such as a
strong centre, all India services common to the
center and the states, emergency provisions that
can transform the Constitution into a unitary one if
necessary, appointment of governors by the
president on the advice of the center, etc.
 Parliamentary Form of Government On
the pattern of the British parliamentary
system of government, the Indian
Constitution has opted for the
parliamentary form of government. The
key characteristics of the parliamentary
form of government are:
 1. Executive are members of the
legislature
 2. Collective responsibility to the
legislature of the Council of Ministers
 3. Rule of the majority party
 4. Prime Minister's or chief minister's
leadership in the state
 5. Lower house dissolution (Lok Sabha
and state assemblies)
 6. Government form of the Cabinet
 Balance between the Sovereignty of
Parliament and Judicial Supremacy A fine
balance has been struck between
parliamentary sovereignty and judicial
supremacy by the Indian Constitution.
The Supreme Court is vacuumed by
Articles 13, 32 and 136 with the power of
judicial review. By its power of judicial
review, it can strike down any
parliamentary law as unconstitutional.
 On the other hand, the Parliament, being
the representative of the people's will, has
the authority to make laws, and it can also
amend the major part of the Constitution
through its video vested powers under
Article 368.
 Independent and Integrated Judicial
System In India, unlike the United States
where there is a two-tiered judiciary, a
single judicial system prevails with the
Supreme Court at the top, the State and
District High Courts and other
subordinate courts below and subject to
the supervision of the High Courts.
 It is the duty of all levels of courts in
India to enforce both central and state
laws unlike in the US, where federal
courts adjudicate on federal matters and
state courts on state matters.
 Not only is the judiciary system well fully
integrated in India, but because of the
following provisions it is also
independent
 Combination of rigidity and flexibility
The Indian Constitution strikes a fine
balance between rigidity and flexibility
when it comes to ease of modification.
 Article 368 lays down two types of
modifications:1. Some provisions may be
amended by a special parliamentary
majority, i.e. a 2/3rd majority of the
members of each House present and vote
and majority (i.e. more than 50 %) of
each House's total membership.
 Some other provisions can be amended
by a special parliamentary majority and
with half of the total states ratifying them.
This ensures that with the widest possible
majority, the Constitution is amended.
 Directive Principles of State Policy
 In Part IV of the Constitution, the
Directive Principles of State Policies
(DPSPs) aims to make India a welfare
state. Therefore, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
calls the Directive Principles as the
Indian Constitution's novel feature. The
Principles of the Directive are inherently
unjustifiable, that is, they are not
enforceable for their violation by the
courts.
 Their usefulness, however, lies in their
moral obligation to apply these principles
to the state in making laws. As such, the
principles of the directive are
fundamental to the country's governance.
 Submitted by-

 MOHD. SHAHZAMAAN KHAN (GROUP LEADER)

 MEMBERS
1. LAKSHAY GUPTA
2. MAYANK BODH
3. AASTHA JAIN
4. AFIFA KHAN
5. FARDEEN KHAN
 Bibliography

 Source

 www.google.com
 www.Googlephotos.com
 www.Wikipedia.com
THANK YOU