INTRODUCTION

Drinking water is becoming more harmful and contaminated due to

urbanization, industrialization and increase in population. Hence there is
need of better methodologies for monitoring the water quality. For
examining the water quality manual efforts were required for testing. Such
approaches take longer time and no longer to be considered efficient. By
focusing on the above issues our model develop a low cost system for real
time monitoring of the water quality in IOT environment.
WHAT IS INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) ?

Internet of Things (IoTs) can be used for connecting objects like smartphones, Internet TVs,
laptops, computers, sensors and actuators to the Internet where the devices are linked together
to enable new forms of communication between things and people, and between things
themselves. Building IoTs has improved significantly in the past few years. The number of devices
connected to the internet are increasing day by day. The cost related with machine to machine
communication over mobile networks are usually cheaper than fixed networks. Now people can
have connectivity from anywhere and anytime for anything. The Internet of Things is being used
in number of sectors, from automation, transportation, energy, healthcare, financial services,
wearable devices, security, agriculture to nanotechnology.
OBJECTIVE
• Design a water quality monitoring system using IoT.

• Construct the water quality monitoring system based on Internet of Things (IoT).

• Test the effectiveness of the water monitoring system with the Department of Environment
(DOE).
PROBLEM STATEMENT
The main problem with the IoT is the storage system. A typical IoT device can accumulate thousands of
data, thus a large storage systems needed. Notification on how to use push is also a topic of discussion.
When to alert user based on the water status is also a problem that needs to be solved. Current practices
implemented at the water treatment plant is also an issue when doing this project. The way things work
now with respect to checking the water source status whether it is high in ammonia content or not is that
technicians check the site every 2 hours. If the water is deemed high in ammonia, there would be no real
treatment to it, the plant would need to stop operation and allow the water to naturally lower its
ammonia content. The water treatment plants purpose was only to get the chemical compound reading
of the water and sent it to Jabatan Alam Sekitar Perak (JAS) , JAS is the one that decides what the next
step is going to be taken. Stopping the plant operation requires JAS approval even if the technician
confirms the water is polluted. JAS action is not immediate when they receive information knowing
that the water is polluted.
They would wait around a few hours to half a day to really confirm the water is polluted then only
they would instruct the water treatment plant to stop operation. With the time wasted, polluted
water would already be in the residential water supply tank thus would prevent people from getting
their water. This project needs to close this gap to prevent this situation from ever happening again.
Existing water treatment systems cannot detect the dissolved contaminants such as chemicals. Using
traditional approaches of monitoring water quality in the water management system are not safe.
Chlorinating is usually used to protect micro-organisms. However, drinking too much chlorinated
water leads to Cancer and other diseases. Thus, chlorine is considered as another contaminant as well
as pathogen and viruses. Moreover, there is no single instrument that can detect all the possible water
parameters such as pH, temperature and conductivity. Thus, our model will help curb water borne
diseases by developing a real_x0002_time online water quality monitoring system. With this model
we can detect all the possible water quality parameters and availability of water in water tank.
FUTURE SCOPE

In future we use IOT concept in this project to

•  Detecting the more parameters for most secure purpose

•  Increase the parameters by addition of multiple sensors

•  By interfacing relay we controls the supply of water

SCOPE OF STUDY
The scopes of this project are:

• ESP32 is used to read from micro-fludic sensor based on capacitance value.

• Middleware IoT with WiFi module is used to bridge the sensor and cloud communication.

• Real time database and alerting notification can be viewed through mobile phones.

• Experiment is done in a lab environment with controlled (100 mililitre syringe) amount of
water test samples.

• Apple development program was used as the mobile platform.

pH sensor
The pH of a solution is the measure of the
acidity or alkalinity of that solution. The pH
scale is a logarithmic scale whose range is from
0-14 with a neutral point being 7. Values above
7 indicate a basic or alkaline solution and values
below 7 would indicate an acidicsolution. It
operates on 3.3V power supply and it is easy to
interface with arduino. The normal range of pH
is 6 to 8.5.
Turbidity sensor
Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness of water.
Turbidity has indicated the degree at which the
water loses its transparency. It is considered as a
good measure of the quality of water. Turbidity
blocks out the light needed by submerged aquatic
vegetation. It also can raise surface water
temperatures above normal because suspended
particles near the surface facilitate the absorption of
heat from sunlight.
Arduino uno
• Arduino is a microcontroller board based on
the ATmega328. It has 14 digital input/output
pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs),
6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a
reset button. It contains everything needed to
support the microcontroller. Arduino Software
(IDE) were the reference versions of Arduino,
now evolved to newer releases. The Uno board
is the first in a series of USB Arduino boards,
and the reference model for the Arduino
platform; for an extensive list of current, past
or outdated boards see the Arduino index of
boards.
Wi-Fi Module
• The ESP32 Wi-Fi Module is a self contained SOC
with integrated TCP/IP protocol stack that can
give any microcontroller access to your Wi-Fi
network. The ESP32 is capable of either hosting
an application or offloading all Wi-Fi
networking functions from another application
processor. Each ESP32 module comes pre
programmed with an AT command set
firmware. The ESP32 module is an extremely
cost effective board with a huge, and ever
growing, community.