HANDLE PAINTING

AND DECORATING
MATERIALS

CPCCPD2011A

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Introduction
The key function of paint in the construction industry
is protection and decoration

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Painting and decorating terminology
• Paint - A coloured substance, which is spread over a surface.
• Acrylic paint –Water is the solvent used in water-based paints.
• Gloss – Gloss is a shiny finish designed for woodwork, reflecting
light.
• Primer – It is a special type of paint that is used as a base coat
Sanding – Process of removing the top layer of the surface by
using sandpaper

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Painting and decorating
terminology
• Sheen – Paint finish which reflects some amount of light.
• Stencil – Stencil is the cut-out template used for applying a pattern
or design on a surface
• VOC – VOC is volatile organic compounds which are either
naturally occurring or made and are present in the paint

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Australian paint approval scheme
The Australian paint approval scheme (APAS) is a
system of certifying the quality of paints.

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APAS classification
• Protective coating
• Pavement coating
• Architectural coating
• Powder coating

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Plan and prepare
• Obtain work instructions and operational details
• Assessment of hazards and reporting to
designated personnel
• Worksite inspection

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Sources of work instructions and
operational details
• Plans, drawings and specifications

• Safety data sheets (SDS)

• Manufacturer instructions

• Workplace bulletins/ memos

• Australian standards

• Regulations/ legislation

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Sources of work instructions and
operational details
• Codes of practice

• Australian standards

• Signage

• Verbal, written and graphical instructions

• Work schedules

• Plans and specifications

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Assessment of hazards and report
Painting hazards –
• Manual handling
• Working in enclosed areas
• Sunburn and heat stress

Hazardous tools and equipment –

• Disc and belt sanders
• Portable air compressor and spray-painting equipment
• High-pressure water cleaners
• Powered drills
• Scrapers and knives

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Assessment of hazards and report
Control measures -
• Provide training on safe use of hazardous tools and equipment
• Use of PPE
• Implement better work practices
• Follow safety procedures
• Clean-up and dispose

Whom to report hazards –

• Supervisor
• Manager
• Safety officer
• Contractors
• Other safety representatives

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Worksite inspection
• Administrative, training, general requirements
• Work environment and hazardous atmosphere
• Confined spaces
• Falling objects and public protection
• Scaffolding and demolition
• Hazardous substances and dangerous goods
• Asbestos management
• Noise

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Safe work practices
Evaluation of worksite thoroughly –
• Analyse the worksite
• Check tools and equipment
• Site security
• Entry and exit points

Give appropriate training –

• Develop simple training plan
• Provide easy to understand training format

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Safe work practices
Wear appropriate PPE

Implement better practices –

• Carry out risk assessment
• Encourage workers to safety programs

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Work health and safety (WHS)
• Provide health and safety in relation to workplaces and hazards
• Provide management of asbestos-containing materials
• Provide for safe operation of major hazard facilities
• Specify training requirements
• Provide procedures for resolution of health and safety issues
• www.worksafe.vic.gov.au

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Safe work method statement
 Sets out the work activities in logical sequence

 Identifies hazards

 Describes control measures.

SWMS aims to -

 Assess and select control measures

 Describe the activity of task to be undertaken

 Systematically plan the activity

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Job safety analysis
• A written procedure developed to review the work steps and
associated hazards.

• JSA helps to uncover the existing and potential hazards and

consequences.

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Conduct a JSA
• Write down the analysis step
• Identify the hazards
• Develop procedures for controlling hazards
• Assess the control measures
• Monitor JSA and review

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Personal Protective Equipment
• Eye protection

• Face protection

• Respiratory protection

• Hearing protection

• Head protection

• Skin protection

• Protective clothing

• Foot protection

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Selection of PPE
• Worker

• Work task

• Work environment

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Maintenance of PPE
• Look for broken or damaged components before use
• Replace PPE that has expired or reached usable lifespan
• Clean reusable PPE after use and store in a clean area
• Report broken, damaged or contaminated PPE

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Sharing PPE
Shared PPE must be properly cleaned and disinfected
before it is used again

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Safety signage
Prohibition signs

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Safety signage
Mandatory signs

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Safety signage
Danger signs

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Safety signage
Fire safety signs

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Safety signage
Warning signs

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Safety signage
Emergency signs

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Safety signage
General information signs

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Barricades
• Physical barriers erected or placed to restrict the entry of
persons

• Barricades helps in conveying the correct safety message

and prevent accidents occurring at the site.

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Barricades
Types of barricades

• Soft barricades – Tape barriers.

• Hard/solid barricades – It is a self-supporting fence.

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Handling of selected tools and equipment
Hand tools -
• Inspect before use and regularly maintain them in good working
order
• Inform, instruct and train workers to use hand tools
• Store safely
• Ensure work area is well lit
• Minimise time spent on using tools that vibrate

Power tools - must have

• Constant pressure switch which shuts off power upon release
• An on-off switch

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Quality requirements
Quality standards –
• The safety of workers during construction
• The building is suitable for purpose
• The completed building is safe and strong without any
errors
• The working manner of the organization
• Good result for client, management and employees.

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Quality standards
• Australian standards AS/NZS ISO 9001 Quality
management systems
• Manufacturer’s specifications
• Organizational standards
• Building codes
• Quality accreditation
• Client with specific quality standards

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Quality management system

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Establish and implement QMS
• Identify and assess product and service risk
• Develop processes, plans and procedures to
manage risks
• Identify and provide resources
• Implement plans and procedures
• Monitor, audit and improve implementation
• Review and improve QMS

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Environmental management
Environmental management plan – objectives

• Prevents any negative environmental impacts on site

• Reduces adverse impacts on several environmental components
• Wherever possible, increases the value of environmental
components
• Protects the environmental resources

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Management of environmental issues
Air quality – reasons for air pollution

• Demolition of existing development

• Broad-scale removal of vegetation cover
• Road construction
• Landscaping works
• Drainage construction
• Vehicle movements

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Management of environmental issues
Air quality – manage air quality

• Limit the movement of soil and earth

• Minimise lifting height of loader bucket
• Cover material during transport
• Prevent creation of dust in dry conditions
• Minimise wheel-generated dust
• Plantation along roadside

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Management of environmental issues
Noise – Noise pollution

• Demolition
• Site preparation
• Construction of buildings
• Operation of vehicle inside the site
• Entering and exiting of vehicles

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Management of environmental issues
Noise – Manage noise pollution

• During morning hours

• During night hours

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Site contamination
• Industrial processes once carried out on the site
• Materials stored or dumped on the site like asbestos
• Some agricultural processes on the site like mixing of farm
chemicals
• Contaminants in imported fill
• Demolition

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Manage site contamination
• Notify EPA
• Introduce an acquifer
• Inform the location of any acid sulfate soils
• Remove underground storage system
• Remove and dispose underground petroleum storage tank

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Hazardous waste
• Concrete, steel
• Aluminum, plasterboard
• Bricks and tiles
• plastic and glass
• Litter, dust, vermin

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Manage waste
• Effective construction planning
• Appropriate storage of waste
• Prevent waste from entering into stormwater drains
• Careful handling of asbestos containing material
• Use of water fill
• Sort the waste into bins

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Manage waste
Sludge disposal method

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Water quality
Reasons for water pollution –

• Concreting
• Plastering
• Painting
• Diesel and oil
• Other hazardous chemicals

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Manage water quality
• Prevent waste entering the stormwater system
• Control water movement into and around the site
• Implement sediment capture control
• Develop rainwater harvesting system
• Provide erosion control fences and sediment traps

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Paint and its types
• The paint prolongs the life of natural and synthetic materials
• It acts as a barrier against environmental conditions
• Paint also provides artistic appearance to the surfaces
• It helps in providing information by means of painted signs

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Constituents of paint
• Binder
• Pigment
• Extender
• Thinner or solvent
• Additives

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Characteristics of an ideal paint
• Easy to apply
• Possess good spreading power
• Inexpensive and economical
• Form a thin film without any cracks
• Should not affect the health of workers
• Should not bring variations in properties
• Form a strong and durable coat

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Types of paints
• Aluminium paints

• Asbestos paints

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Types of paints
• Anti-corrosive paints

• Bituminous paints

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Types of paints
• Cement paints

• Colloidal paints

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Types of paints
• Emulsion paints

• Enamel paints

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Types of paints
• Oil paints

• Silicate paints

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Types of paints
• Synthetic rubber paints

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Water-based paints
• Latex
• Vinyl
• Acrylic

– They are non-flammable and are reduced volatile organic

compounds.
– They usually dry in 20-30 mins and are more tolerant of damp
surfaces.
– They are resistant to alkalis.
– Perform brilliantly on exterior applications, as they are more
resistant to UV rays.
– They retain sheen levels and colour for longer periods

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Oil-based paints
• Primer
• Undercoat
• Finishing coat

– Oil-based paints consist of flammable solvents.

– They have a strong odour due to the presence of solvent fumes.
– The paint has high level of volatile organic compounds.
– Oil paints are cheap and easy to apply.
– They possess good opacity and low gloss.
– When applied, the paint can attain a higher sheen level.
– Oil-based paints dry harder which gives excellent resistance to wear
and tear.
– They also turn to yellow colour in the absence of UV rays

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Other coatings
• Spirit-based stain sealers
• 2-pack protective coatings
• Bitumen-based waterproofing
• High build texture coatings
• Hammer finish
• Multi-spec
• Metallic paints
• Lime wash

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Wall and decorative covering
materials
• Wallpaper • Wooden wall covering

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Wall and decorative covering
materials
• Glass wall covering • Stone wall covering

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Wall and decorative covering
materials
• Vinyl wall covering

• Ceramic tiles

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Adhesives - types
• Cellulose • Latex

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Adhesives - types
• Polyvinyl • Starch

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
Vocs are released into air from –
• Adhesives
• Air fresheners
• Drapes
• Floor polishers
• Glue
• Carpet backing
• Dyes
• Liquid cleaners
• Markers
• Paint
• Toilet cleaners

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VOC symptoms
• Burning eyes
• Irritated throat
• dizziness
• Rashes
• Tightness of chest
• Fatigue
• Headache

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VOC paints
• Low VOC paints
• Zero VOC paints
• Natural paints

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Benefits of low, zero VOC and natural
paints
• Enhance indoor air quality.
• They are less prone to paint flaking, peeling and
blistering.
• It decreases urban smog.
• They have increased UV resistance.
• The paint emits low odour during application and no
odour once cured.
• They are easy to clean with soap and warm water.
• They are non-toxic and non-allergic paints.
• They are environmentally friendly.

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Hazards of painting
• Hazardous chemicals
• Manual handling
• Working at heights
• Tools and equipment
• Working in confined spces
• Sun burn and heat stress
• Fire hazard

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Hazardous chemicals
• Solvents
• Enamels
• Paint removers
• Resins
• Adhesives
• Fumes or gases
• Surface preparation products
• Lead
• Rust removers
• Spray paints
• Wood dust

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Preventive measures
• Use fans and local exhaust ventilation system
• Use water-based paint
• Ensure wear appropriate PPE
• Follow safety procedures
• Clean up and dispose the debris

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Manual handling
• Lifting and carrying paint cans
• Scaffolding
• Using paint brush in a repetitive action
• Bending and stretching
• Twisting sideways

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Preventive measures
• Use four or more wheeled trolleys to move tools and equipment.
• Use two wheeled trolleys to move paint cans
• Always work above knee height and avoid lifting from the floor.
• Raise working height to minimise bending to a low level.
• Reduce repetition by varying the load on the body

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Working at heights
• Working on roofs

• Painting high ceilings

• Working on roofline

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Preventive measures
• Install fall protection devices such as temporary work
platforms or scaffolding
• Use a work positioning system such as rope access system
• Use a fall injury prevention system like an industrial safety
net or a safety harness.
• Ladders should always be visually inspected prior to use

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Tools and equipment
• Electric shock
• Excessive noise
• Release of hazardous chemicals

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Preventive measures
• Workers must be trained to use specific tools and equipment.
• Inspect the equipment on a regular basis and keep the unsafe tools
aside.
• Appropriate PPE must be worn all the time
• Use a barrier to separate workers from the machinery
• Clearly display equipment information regarding emergency stops
or guards

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Working in confined spaces
• Loss of consciousness
• Injury or death
• Suffocation
• Crushing

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Preventive measures
• Make sure there is adequate ventilation within the workplace.
• Gas, electricity, water must be kept in isolation.
• Appropriate respiratory PPE must be worn all the time.
• Place proper signage and procedure for entry and exit.
• Reduce the number of people working in the space at any one time.
• Apply paint with a brush or roller rather than with an aerosol.
• Provide workers with respirators to prevent inhalation of paint fumes

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Sun burn and heat stress
• Exposure to ultraviolet radiation
• Skin tan
• Skin pigmentation
• Blistering and peeling
• Acute skin reactions
• Premature ageing
• Clusters of tiny blood vessels

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Preventive measures
• Reschedule the strenuous work for cooler periods in the day.
• Rotate jobs between the workers to limit the time each worker
spends working in potentially harmful conditions
• Protective clothing and sunscreen should always be worn when
working in the sun.
• Cover the head with a hard hat and wear loose, long-sleeved shirts,
long trousers in hot weather.
• Sunscreen with SPF 15+ or more should be reapplied every two
hours

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Fire hazard
• Flammable substances
• Chemical reactions
• Electrical sparks
• Static electricity

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Preventive measures
• Eliminate ignition sources
• Store and handle the flammable paints and solvents in
containers with lids
• Firefighting equipment must be provided in the work area
and employees must be given sufficient training

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Spontaneous combustion theory
Material responsible –
• Oil-based products like primer, sealer, paint, turpentine,
mineral spirits
• Paint thinner, denatured alcohols
• Motor fuels
• Wood stain
• Linseed oil and drying oils
• Alkyd enamel resins
• Peroxides
• Spray booth filters

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Preventive measures
• Do not pile, stack or fold any rag, towel, drop cloth, wiping
cloth that might become wet because of contact with a
solvent-based material.
• Segregate the contaminated rags or other substrates from
other chemical wastes.
• Used rags should not be thrown into a plastic bucket or trash
can.
• Avoid keeping the paints and solvents near heat producing
equipment like furnaces or water heaters.
• Make sure that garage or workplace equipment is safely
stored

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Storage of paint
Keep the paint away from extreme temperatures –
• Paint should be stored in a dry location wherein the
temperatures are above freezing.
• Store the paint where there is no change in temperature like
extremely hot or extremely cold etc.
• The paint dries if the temperature is hot and if the paint gets
cold, it forms a clot.
• Moisture leads to rusting of paint cans and if the can is
opened, the rust bits fall into the paint.
• Always store the paint in a cool, dry place.

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Storage of paint
Store the paint –
• Paint must be properly stored to enhance the lifespan of
it.
• The storage container like glass jar, air-tight container
and small cans will help to decrease the storage space.
• Metal paint cans should be stored on wood or plastic
shelves instead of cement floors to prevent rusting.
• Place an airtight seal and also, label all containers with
product details, color or brand codes

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Storage of paint
Store leftover paint –
• Dried or moist paint should be cleaned from the threads of
the can and lid.
• The lid is fixed securely on the can and slightly tap with a
hammer until it is completely sealed
• As the paint is flammable, store in a climate-controlled area
away from heat sources.
• Cans might expand if they are exposed to heat for a longer
time, leading the paint to leak

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Disposal of paint
Dispose water-based paint –
• Now, allow the paint to dry in a well-ventilated area. Once the
paint dries, the solid matter is thrown in the bin.
• Also, the paint can be poured into a cardboard box and mix it with
shredded newspaper, cat litter or a commercial paint hardener to
increase solidification.
• The cardboard box is disposed of in the bin and the storage cans
can be recycled.
• Ensure that all the leftover latex or water-based paint must be
hardened or dried and then disposed of

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Disposal of paint
Dispose solvent-based paint –
• At the end of the day or job, transfer the paint from rollers back into paint
containers.
• The solvent used for cleaning should be minimized
• Spin brushes and roller sleeves into a drum for solvent wastes once they
are cleaned in a small amount of solvent.
• Keep all the solvent into this drum and place a lid tightly on it to prevent
the harmful substances from evaporating.
• The solvent used to clean the painting equipment can be re-used.
• Chemical absorbents can be poured into the remaining residue of the
solvent to let it dry completely.

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Control paint spills
• Ensure the seals on these containers are in better condition
• Make sure that appropriate equipment and procedure are
implemented for the disposal of paints
• Always wear personal protective equipment (PPE)
• Make sure that all the staff member has a proper training on
spill management

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Identify the hazard
• In case of spills, all the ignition sources must be turned off.
• The area must be cleared immediately.
• Appropriate PPE like respirators, glasses etc., must be worn
to avoid breathing the fumes.
• Provide proper ventilation which helps in removing the
polluted air from the environment

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Control the hazard
• First, stop the leakage from the containers responsible for the spill.
• Make sure the paint spills do not pass the stormwater drainage and
waterways.
• A peat sorb sandbags are used to prevent the passage of spills into
the drainage and waterways.
• Vermiculite, absorbent pads and booms and other neutralising
material are also used to control the spill

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Clean up
• Use a dustpan or shovel to place the spillage material in
appropriate containers.
• Label the containers.
• Clean the remaining spillage with solvents and rags.
• After clean up, make sure to wash the hands and all the body
parts that might have exposed to the spilled paint

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Spill control station
A spill control station prevents the contamination of the
environment and also maintains the health and safety of
the workplace

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Spill control station
• Present appropriate waste containers
• Erect safety signs and barricades
• Make available PPE at the work site
• Implement risk assessment plan
• Train the employees of emergency evacuation plan
• Place fire fighting equipment
• Use dustpan, brush, spark free shovel and towels that
helps to absorb the spill

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