NATURE OF HUMAN BEINGS

FROM THE RELIGIOUS PERSPECTIVES

By:
Nabilah and aida 
DEFINITION OF HUMAN
BEING FROM BIOLOGY
• Biologists classify human beings as Homo
sapiens (Latin for knowing man), a
primate species of mammal with a highly
developed brain, belonging to the family
of great apes, along with chimpanzees,
gorillas, and orangutans .
• Theologizes describe human beings in
spiritual terms, using various concepts of
soul which, in religion, are understood in
relation to divine powers or beings; in
mythology, they are also often contrasted
with other humanoid races.
DEFINITION OF HUMAN
FROM ISLAMIC
PERSPECTIVES
• Man was created by Allah SWT. Human
beings were created from the essence of
land. Then they become nutfah, alaqah,
dan mudgah. Human being is the perfect
creatures that have ever made and have
varieties of abilities. Therefore, people
must be grateful for the gift that God has
given.
THE CREATION OF HUMAN BEING
THROUGH THE WESTERN
PERSPECTIVE
(by: Charles Darwin)
 • Darwin's evolution theory says that life
originated from non life. It further goes on to
say that the complex creatures that form a part
of this Earth developed from simple ancestors
over a period of time.
• To put it in other words the evolution of man
by random genetic mutation inside an
organism's genetic code causes the
preservation of beneficial mutations.
• This is done since beneficial mutations
help survival. As time passes these
mutations are passed on from one
generation to another slowly resulting in
the accumulation of mutations and the
formation of an organism that is entirely
different from what it was.
 • Darwin theorized that life on Earth sprang forth
through the random events such as lightning strikes
onto fertile materials, causing cells to spring into life,
reproduce and mutate.
• Darwin believed that this process took billions of
years to happen. Simple life forms slowly over time,
became more and more complex. According to the
theory, evolution continues constantly, although the
changes are so small as to go virtually unnoticed.
• Charles Darwin theorized that life forms
able to adapt to changing environmental
conditions do so, and the others die out.
This ensures that only those best able to
adapt pass their genetics onto the next
generation, resulting in a stronger life
form.
 THE CREATION OF HUMAN
BEING FROM THE BUDDHIST
PERSPECTIVE
• The later puranic view asserts that the
universe is created, destroyed, and re-created
in an eternally repetitive series of cycles.
• In Hindu cosmology, a universe endures for
about 4,320,000,000 years (one day of
Brahma, the creator or kalpa) and is then
destroyed by fire or water elements. At this
point, Brahma rests for one night, just as long
as the day.
• This process, named pralaya (Cataclysm),
repeats for 100 Brahma years (311 trillion, 40
billion human years) that represents Brahma's
lifespan. It must be noted that Brahma is the
creator but not necessarily regarded as God in
Hinduism. He is mostly regarded as a demigod
or devata.
THE CREATION OF HUMAN
BEING ACCORDING TO
ROMAN
• The living organisms could arise suddenly and
spontaneously from any kind of non-living matter.
One of the firm believers in spontaneous generation
was Aristotle, the Greek philosopher (384-322 BC)
• He believed that dead leaves falling from a tree into
a pond would transform into fishes and those falling
on soil would transform into worms and insects. He
also held that some insects develop from morning
dew and rotting manure
• He also held that some insects develop from
morning dew and rotting manure
• Egyptians believed that mud of the Nile river
could spontaneously give rise to many forms
of life. The idea of spontaneous generation
was popular almost till seventeenth century.
• Many scientists like Descartes, Galileo and
Helmont supported this idea
• In fact, Von Helmont went to the extent
stating that he had prepared a 'soup' from
which he could spontaneously generate rats!
The 'soup' consisted of a dirty cloth soaked in
water with a handful of wheat grains. Helmont
stated that if human sweat is added as an
'active principle' to this, in just 17 days, it
could generate rats!
• The theory of Spontaneous Generation was
disproved in the course of time due to the
experiment conducted by Fransisco Redi,
(1665), Spallanzani (1765) and later by Louis
Pasteur (1864) in his famous Swan neck
experiment. This theory was disapproved, as
scientists gave definite proof that life comes
from pre-existing life.
THE HUMAN CREATION
FROM THE TORAH
(GENESIS)
• Then God said, "Let us make man in our image, after our
likeness; and let them have dominion over the fish of the
sea, and over the birds of the air, and over the cattle, and
over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that
creeps upon the earth." 27 So God created man in his own
image, in the image of God he created him; male and
female he created them. 28 And God blessed them, and
God said to them, "Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the
earth and subdue it; and have dominion over the fish of
the sea and over the birds of the air and over every living
thing that moves upon the earth." 29
• And God said, "Behold, I have given you every plant
yielding seed which is upon the face of all the earth,
and every tree with seed in its fruit; you shall have
them for food. 30 And to every beast of the earth,
and to every bird of the air, and to everything that
creeps on the earth, everything that has the breath
of life, I have given every green plant for food." And
it was so. 31 And God saw everything that he had
made, and behold, it was very good. And there was
evening and there was morning, a sixth day.