Subject: Biology

Tissues

Grade: IX

CB/IX/1819 Tissues 1 of 16
 Epithelial tissues

Squamous Cuboidal Columnar Ciliated

epithelium epithelium epithelium epithelium

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 Squamous epithelium

•Made up of thin, flattened and irregularly shaped cells.

•Forms the outer layer of the skin, inner lining of the blood vessels and
air sacs of the lungs (alveoli)
•Main function is protection
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 Stratified Squamous epithelium

Stratified squamous epithelium

•Cells are arranged in many layers, each layer consisting of different types of cells.
•Deeper layer have cuboidal cells which become polygonal and finally flattened
towards the free surface.
•Found in the skin and covers the external dry surface of the skin.

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 Columnar epithelium

•Made up of tall, cylindrical or column like cells.

•Forms the inner lining of stomach, intestines, pharynx and larynx
•Facilitates movement across the epithelial barrier

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 Ciliated epithelium

Ciliated epithelium

Ciliated epithelium

•Made of columnar epithelium with hair like protrusions called cilia

•Found in the nasal passages and bronchioles
•Main function is protection, secretion and absorption

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 Cuboidal epithelium

•Made up of cube shaped cells.

•Forms the lining of thyroid glands and kidney tubules.
•Main function is secretion and absorption

CB/IX/1819 Tissues 7 of 16
 Connective tissues

Connective tissue proper Skeletal connective tissues Fluid connective tissues

Loose connective Dense connective

tissues tissues Bones Cartilages Blood Lymph

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 Connective Tissue Proper

Loose connectiveTissue Dense connective Tissue

Areolar Tissue AdiposeTissue

•Present underneath the
•Present underneath
skin and around several
the skin of animals
•Supports the organs
•Cells are filled with fat
epithelium and binds
globules.
the skin to the
•Main function- energy
underlying tissues
storage, insulation and
protection of the organs
CB/IX/1819 Tissues
•Tendons (connects
muscles to bones)
and ligaments
(connect two bones)
are the two types.
•Provide strong
connection between
muscles and bones.
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 Skeletal Connective Tissues
Bones
•Made up of bone tissue and
bone marrow.
•It is porous, highly vascular,
hard and rigid.
•RBCs and WBCs are
formed in the bone marrow
of some long bones.

Cartilages
•Soft and flexible
•Present at the tip of the
nose, external ear,
trachea, larynx and
between the bones of the
vertebral column
•They reduce the friction
between the bones
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 Fluid connective tissues

Blood Lymph
Made up of plasma (55%) Colourless fluid that is
and blood corpuscles filtered out of the blood
(RBC’s, WBC’s, capillaries.
Platelets). Made up of plasma and
WBCs.
Devoid of RBC’s and
some proteins.

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 Muscular tissues

Striated Smooth Cardiac

Muscles Muscles Muscles

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 Striated Muscles

•They are voluntary

muscles.

•Also called as skeletal

muscles.

•Show alternate dark

and light bands.

•Cells are long,

cylindrical, unbranched
and multinucleate.

•Help in body
movement.
Dark bands
Nucleus
Light bands

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 Smooth Muscles

•They are involuntary

muscles.

•Also called unstriated

muscles.

•Cells are long with

pointed ends and
uninucleate.

•Controls involuntary
movements
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 Cardiac Muscles

•They are involuntary

muscles.

•They are the muscles

of the heart.

•Cells are cylindrical,

branched and
uninucleate.

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 Nervous tissue

Axon
•The brain, spinal cord and the nerves are all composed of
the nervous tissue.
•The cells are called as nerve cells or neurons.
•Many nerve cells bound together by connective tissue make
up a nerve.
•The nervous tissues transmits the stimulus very rapidly from
one place to another within the body.
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