CHOOSING A CODE

Arranged By:
Eneng Liah Khoiriyah, M.Pd
 There are several important points to discuss in this
chapter: diglossia, bilingualism and multilingualism,
code choice, code switching, and code mixing.
 DIGLOSSIA
DIGLOSSIA is a relatively stable language
situation in which, in addition to the primary
dialects of the language (which may include a
standard or regional standards), there is a very
divergent, highly codified (often grammatically
more complex) superposed variety, the vehicle of
a large and respected body of written literature,
either of an earlier period or in another speech
community, which is learned largely by formal
education and is used for most written and formal
spoken purposes but is not used by any sector of
the community for ordinary conversation
Diglossia is a situation in which two
distinct varieties of a language are spoken within
the same speech community. Bilingual diglossia is
a type of diglossia in which one language variety is
used for writing and another for speech. When
people are bidialectal, they can use two dialects of
the same language, based on their surroundings
or different contexts where they use one or the
other language variety.
 Bilingualism is a feature not just of individuals, but also of societies. Societies in which two
languages are used regularly, or in which more than one language has official status or a
recurrent function, can be called bilingual. For example, Canada is a bilingual country because
French and English are both official languages, even though many citizens of Canada are
monolingual English speakers.

Monolingualism, that is, the ability to use only one language, is such a widely accepted
norm in so many parts of the Western world that it is often assumed to be a world-wide
phenomenon, to the extent that bilingual and multilingual individuals may appear to be
‘unusual.’ Indeed, we often have mixed feelings when we discover that someone we meet is
fluent in several languages: perhaps a mixture of admiration and envy but also, occasionally, a
feeling of superiority in that many such people are not ‘native’ to the culture in which we
function. Such people are likely to be immigrants, visitors, or children of ‘mixed’ marriages and
in that respect ‘marked’ in some way, and such marking is not always regarded favorably
4. Code Choice

To choose a code someone must pay attention to many things, such as domain addressee , setting, and
topic. Communication will run well if the people can use the code choice or language choice well.
Code is a term another name of language, speech variety, or dialect. It is sometimes considered to be a
more neutral term than the others. People also use “code” when they want to stress the uses of a
language or language variety in a particular community.3 The factors that lead in choosing one code
rather than another are the kinds of social factors to language choice in speech communities
throughout the world is called linguistic repertoire. Heller stated that language plays a symbolic role in
our lives, and when there is choice a language, the actual choice made is important when there is a
concurrent shift in the relationship between the languages. Code is a tool used by people to
communicate with others. People have to choose a particular code to express their feeling because it
makes easier to discuss a particular .
Example : OMG, OTW, Tq, kpn, tgl, dmn, Smg, etc
5. Code Switching
Code-switching is a term in linguistics referring to using more than one language or
variety in conversation. While other expert stated that code-switching is the mixing of words,
phrases and sentences from two distinct grammatical (sub) systems across sentence
boundaries within the same speech event.
Code switching (also code-switching, CS) is the practice of moving back and forth between
two languages or between two dialects or registers of the same language at one time.
Code switching occurs far more often in
Why do we use code switching?
Speakers may switch from one code to another either to show solidarity with a social
group, to distinguish oneself, to participate in social encounters, to discuss a certain topic, to
express feelings and affections, or to impress and persuade the audience.
What are the effects of code-switching?

In conclusion, code-switching has positive effects on both learners and

teachers. It helps learners understand difficult aspects of the lesson as well as
enabling them to participate in lessons. It also helps them in making
connections to their prior knowledge. It helps with classroom management.
6. Code Mixing
Code mixing as the term refers to the use of one or more languages for consistent transfer of
linguistic units from one language into another, and by such a language mixture developing a new
restricted or not so restricted code of linguistic interaction.

Code-Mixing refers to “the embedding of linguistic units such as phrases, words, and
morphemes of one language into an utterance of another language.” ... If I know French as well
as English, for example, there will be times when I will mix some English words in my French
sentences. That's, in fact, very common.
What are the factors of code-mixing?

The individual characteristics of the speakers, their language environment, the

social status of their languages as well as the everyday usage of them, are all
factors that may influence the mechanisms of code mixing and code switching
and should be taken into consideration by the teaching and the pedagogic
community
THANKS YOU….