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 Systems of Equations in Two Variables
Systems of
Equations
Systems of Equations in Three Variables

Systems of Inequalities and Linear Programming

Systems of Equations

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Systems of Equations > Systems of Equations in Two Variables

Systems of Equations in Two Variables

• Introduction to Systems of Equations
• Solving Systems Graphically
• The Substitution Method
• The Elimination Method
• Inconsistent and Dependent Systems in Two Variables
• Applications of Systems of Equations

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Systems of Equations > Systems of Equations in Three Variables

Systems of Equations in Three Variables

• Solving Systems of Equations in Three Variables
• Inconsistent and Dependent Systems in Three Variables

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Systems of Equations > Systems of Inequalities and Linear Programming

Systems of Inequalities and Linear Programming

• Graphs of Linear Inequalities
• Solving Systems of Linear Inequalities
• Application of Systems of Inequalities: Linear Programming

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Appendix
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Systems of Equations

Key terms
• canonical form The format in which a linear program in standard form can be represented, if the columns of A are rearranged
so that it contains the the number of rows in A.
• constraint A condition that a solution to a problem must satisfy.
• Dependent system A system of equations with an infinite number of solutions. For systems of equations in three variables,
there are an infinite number of solutions on a line or plane that is the intersection of three planes in space.
• dependent system A system of linear equations in which the two equations represent the same line; there are an infinite
number of solutions to a dependent system.
• dependent system A system of linear equations in which the two equations represent the same line; there are an infinite
number of solutions to a dependent system.
• elimination method Process of solving a system of equations by eliminating one variable in order to more simply solve for the
remaining variable.
• inconsistent system A system of linear equations with no common solution because they represent parallel lines, which have
no point or line in common.
• inconsistent system A system of linear equations with no common solution because they represent parallel lines, which have
no point or line in common.
• Inconsistent system A system of equations with no solution. A system of equations in three variables with no solutions is
represented by three planes with no point in common.
• Independent system A system of equations with a single solution. For systems of equations in three variables, this solution is
an ordered triple that represents the single point of intersection of the three planes.
• independent system A system of linear equations with exactly one solution pair .
• independent system A system of linear equations with exactly one solution pair .

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Systems of Equations

• inequality A statement that of two quantities one is specifically less than or greater than another. Symbols: or or or , as
appropriate.
• linear Of or relating to a class of polynomial of the form .
• mutually exclusive Describing multiple events or states of being, such that the occurrence of any one implies the non-
occurrence of all the others.
• objective function A function to be maximized or minimized in optimization theory.
• pivot Moving from one basic feasible solution to an adjacent basic feasible solution.
• subset With respect to another set, a set such that each of its elements is also an element of the other set.
• substitution method Method of solving a system of equations by putting the equation in terms of only one variable
• system of equations A set of equations with multiple variables which can be solved using a specific set of values.
• system of equations A set of equations with multiple variables which can be solved using a specific set of values.
• system of equations A set of equations with multiple variables which can be solved using a specific set of values.
• system of equations A set of equations with multiple variables which can be solved using a specific set of values.
• system of equations A set of equations with multiple variables which can be solved using a specific set of values.

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Systems of Equations

• system of equations in three variables A set of one or more equations, each of which may contain one ore more of the three
variables usually x, y, and z.
• system of inequalities A set of inequalities with multiple variables, often solved with a particular specification of the values of all
variables that simultaneously satisfies all of the inequalities.
• system of linear equations A set of two or more equations made up of two or more variables that are considered
simultaneously.
• The graphical method A way of visually finding a set of values that solves a system of equations.
• the simplex method An algorithm that optimizes a system of linear inequalities.

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Systems of Equations

System of inequalities with no solution

Three inequalities are graphed. There is no area which is shaded by all three inequalities, so the system of inequalities has no solution.

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Systems of Equations

System of inequalities
Three lines are graphed, with the area that satisfies all three inequalities shaded.

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Systems of Equations

Inconsistent systems
All three figures represent three-by-three systems with no solution. (a) The three planes intersect with each other in three different parallel lines, which
do not intersect at a common point. (b) Two of the planes are parallel and intersect with the third plane, but not with each other. (c) All three planes are
parallel, so there is no point of intersection.

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Systems of Equations

Inequality graph
Graph of .  All possible solutions (any points below the line) are shaded, including the ordered pairs on the line. Since the inequality is  the line is solid.
 There are no solutions above the line.

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Systems of Equations

Graph of two inequalities

The overlapping shaded area is the final solution to the system of linear inequalities because it is comprised of all possible solutions to  (the dotted red
line and red area below the line) and  (the solid green line and the green area above the line).  The origin is a solution to the system, but the point  is not.

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Systems of Equations

System of equations with multiple answers

This is an example of a system of equations shown graphically that has two sets of answers that will satisfy both equations in the system.

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Wikipedia. "Simultaneous equations example 1." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Simultaneous_equations_example_1.svg View on Boundless.com
Systems of Equations

System of linear equations with two variables

This graph shows a system of equations with two variables and only one set of answers that satisfies both equations.

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Wikibooks. "Two linear equation add method." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:Two_linear_equation_add_method.PNG View on Boundless.com
Systems of Equations

System of linear equations

This images shows a system of three equations in three variables. The intersecting point (white dot) is the unique solution to this system.

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Systems of Equations

Inconsistent system
The equations and are inconsistent.

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Wikipedia. "Parallel Lines." Public domain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_of_linear_equations#/media/File:Parallel_Lines.svg View on Boundless.com
Systems of Equations

Systems of Linear Equations

Graphical representations of the three types of systems.

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OpenStax. "Systems of Linear Equations: Two Variables." CC BY 4.0 http://cnx.org/contents/0bb1dacf-671b-4fe5-a5a4-e67ad9a48d54@4 View on Boundless.com
Systems of Equations

Dependent system
The equations and are dependent, and when graphed produce the same line.

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Brittany Meredith. "Original figure by Brittany Meredith. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0." CC BY-SA 3.0 View on Boundless.com
Systems of Equations

Dependent systems
An example of three different equations that intersect on a line.

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Systems of Equations

Dependent system
Two equations represent the same plane, and these intersect the third plane on a line.

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Systems of Equations

Attribution
• Wikipedia. "System of equations." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_of_equations
• Wiktionary. "constraint." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/constraint
• Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//algebra/definition/system-of-equations
• Wikipedia. "Systems of equations." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_of_equations
• Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//algebra/definition/system-of-equations
• Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//algebra/definition/elimination-method
• Wikibooks. "Algebra/Systems of Equations." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Algebra/Systems_of_Equations
• Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/algebra/definition/substitution-method
• Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/algebra/definition/system-of-equations
• Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/algebra/definition/ordered-pair
• Wikipedia. "Systems of equations." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_of_equations
• Wiktionary. "inequality." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inequality
• Wiktionary. "linear." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/linear
• Wikibooks. "Algebra/Graphing Systems of Inequalities." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Algebra/Graphing_Systems_of_Inequalities
• Wikibooks. "Applicable Mathematics/Linear Programming and Graphical Solutions." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Applicable_Mathematics/Linear_Programming_and_Graphical_Solutions
• Wikibooks. "Algebra/Graphing Inequalities." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Algebra/Graphing_Inequalities
• Wikipedia. "System of equations." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_of_equations

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Systems of Equations

• Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//algebra/definition/system-of-equations

• Wikibooks. "Linear Algebra/Solving Linear Systems." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Solving_Linear_Systems
• Wikipedia. "Systems of equations." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_of_equations
• Wikipedia. "Linear equation." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_equation%23Linear_equations_in_two_variables
• Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//algebra/definition/system-of-equations
• Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//algebra/definition/the-graphical-method
• Wikipedia. "Linear inequality." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_inequality
• Wikipedia. "System of inequalities." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_of_inequalities
• Wiktionary. "subset." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/subset
• Wiktionary. "mutually exclusive." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mutually_exclusive
• Wikipedia. "Simplex algorithm." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplex_algorithm
• Wikipedia. "Linear programming." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_programming
• Wiktionary. "constraint." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/constraint
• Wikibooks. "Applicable Mathematics/Linear Programming and Graphical Solutions." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Applicable_Mathematics/Linear_Programming_and_Graphical_Solutions
• Wikibooks. "A-level Mathematics/OCR/D1/Linear Programming." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/A-level_Mathematics/OCR/D1/Linear_Programming
• Wiktionary. "objective function." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/objective_function
• Wikipedia. "System of Linear Equations." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_of_linear_equations
• OpenStax. "Systems of Linear Equations: Two Variables." CC BY 4.0
http://cnx.org/contents/0bb1dacf-671b-4fe5-a5a4-e67ad9a48d54@4
• Wikipedia. "System of linear equations." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_of_linear_equations
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Systems of Equations

• OpenStax. "Systems of Linear Equations: Two Variables.." CC BY 3.0

http://cnx.org/contents/0bb1dacf-671b-4fe5-a5a4-e67ad9a48d54@4
• Wikipedia. "System of Linear Equations." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_of_linear_equations
• OpenStax. "Precalculus." CC BY 4.0 http://cnx.org/contents/fd53eae1-fa23-47c7-bb1b-972349835c3c@3.14

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