EE 740

Professor Ali Keyhani

Lecture #13

Symmetrical Components
 Operator Positive Sequence
Voltage (1 = ‘+’)

Vc 1

Va 1=V1

Vb1

Va = Va1 = V0 = V10

Vb = Vb1 = V1240
Vc = Vc1 = V1120
Let a = 1120 a2 = 1240

Va1 = V1 Vb1 = a2V1 Vc1 = aV1

Va1 1
Vb1 = a2 V1
Vc1 a
 Negative Sequence Voltage (2 = ‘-‘)

Vb 2

Va 2=V2

Vc 2

Va2 = V2 Va 2 1
Vb2 = aV2 Vb 2 = a V2
Vc2 = a2V2 Vc 2 a2

Zero Sequence Voltage (“0”)

Va0 = V0 Vb0 = V0 Vc0 = V0

We will show that a set of unbalanced voltages
Va,Vb,Vc can be written as:
Va = Va0 + Va1 + Va2  Va = V0 + V1 + V2
Vb = Vb0 + Vb1 + Vb2  Vb = V0 + a2V1 + aV2
Vc = Vc0 + Vc1 + Vc2  Vc = V0 + aV1 + a2V2
Compact Form:

Va 1 1 1 V0
Vb = 1 a2 a V1
Vc 1 a a2 V2

Vabc = T V012
-1 -1
T Vabc = T T V012
-1
V012 = T Vabc
-1
T = 1/3 1 1 1
1 a a2
1 a2 a

V0 = 1/3(Va + Vb + Vc)

V1 = 1/3(Va + aVb + a2Vc)
V2 = 1/3(Va + a2Vb + aVc)
Similarly:

Iabc = T I012
-1
I012 = T Iabc
Problem: Consider a balanced, Y-connected, 460
Volt generator. Compute the positive, negative and
zero sequence voltages.

Vcn Van
n  460V
Vbn

Van = 4600/3 = 265.90

Vbn = 265.9240 = 265.9a2
Vcn = 265.9120 = 265.9a

V0 1/3 1 1 1 Van
V1 = 1 a a2 Vbn
V2 1 a2 a Vcn

V0 = 1/3(265.9 + 265.9a 2 + 265.9a)

= 265.9/3(1 + a + a 2) = 0  V0 = 0

Show that (1 + a + a2) = 0

V1 = 1/3(265.9 + 265.9a3 + 365.9a3)

Recall a3 = 10

V1 = 265.90

V2 = 1/3[265.9 + 265.9a4 + 265.9 a2]

a4 = a = 1120

V2 = 1/3[(265.9) (1 + a + a2)] = 0

Conclusions: For balanced three - phase sources

we have:
Only positive sequence voltages exist.
Zero sequence voltages ‘Do Not Exist’.
Negative sequence voltages ‘Do Not Exist’.
Problem: Consider a 3- unbalanced set of
voltages:

Va = 40 Vc 8
Vb = 3-90 143.1
Vc = 8143.1 4 Va

3
Vb abc
Determine V0, V1 and V2

Solution:
V0 = 1/3(Va + Vb + Vc)

= 1/3[4 - j3 + 8(- .8 + J.6)] = -.8 + j.6 = 1143.1

Va0 = Vb0 = Vc0 = V0 = 1143.1

V1 = 1/3(Va + aVb + a2Vc)

V1 = 1/3[40+(1120)(3-
90)+(1240)(8143.1)]
V1 = 1/3[13.96 + j4.64] = 4.918.4

Va1 = V1 = 4.918.4
Vb1 = V1240 = 4.9258.4
Vc1 = V1120 = 4.9138.4
V2 = 1/3[Va + a2Vb + aVc]
V2 = 2.15-86.2

Va2 = V2 = 2.15-86.2

Vb2 = V2120 = 2.1533.8

Vc2 = V2-120 = 2.15-206.2

Check:

Va = Va0 + Va1 + Va2

= 1143.1 + 4.918.4 + 2.15-86.2 = 40

Vb = Vb0 + Vb1 + Vb2

= 1143.1 + 4.9258.4 + 2.1533.8 = 3-90

Vc = Vc0 + Vc1 + Vc2

= 1143.1 + 4.9138.4 + 2.15-206.2 = 8143.1
Zero Sequence Positive
Sequence
Va 0 1143.1 Vc1 4.9 Va1
Vb0
Vc0 18.4

Vb 1

Negative Sequence
Vb 2
Vc 2 2.15

Va2 -86.2

Original Unbalanced Three Phase System

Vc 8
143.1

4 Va
-90

Vb
Problem 4: Balanced 3 voltages are applied to a
balanced 3 load. Compute I0, I1 and I2.

Solution: Assume the load is purely resistive and

positive phase sequence.
Ic

Vc Va Ia RL=10 RL

Vb RL
Ib

I0 1 1 1 Ia
I+ = 1/3 1 a a2 Ib
I- 1 a2 a Ic

I0 = 1/3[Ia + Ib + Ic]
I+ = 1/3[Ia + aIb + a2Ic]
I- = 1/3[Ia + a2Ib + aIc]

Balanced Voltages and Balanced Loads

Ia VL
Va (+) RL (-)&(0)
Assume:
Va = V0 = 100
Vb = Va240 = 10240 (+) Phase
Sequence
Vc = Va120 = 10120

Ia = Van/RL = V/RL0 = I0

Ib = V/ RL 240 = I240 = a2Ia
Ic = V/ RL = I120 = aIa

I0 = 1/3[Ia + Ib + Ic]
but (Ia + Ib + Ic)=In=0 for balanced three phase
systems
I1 = 1/3[Ia + a*a2Ia + a2*aIa] = 1/3Ia[1 + 2] = Ia
I2 = 1/3[Ia + a2Ib + aIc] Note: Ib = a2Ia, Ic = aIa
I2 = 1/3[Ia + a4Ia + a2Ia] = 1 + a2 + a4 = 0 + j0
I2 = 0

Conclusions:
When a balanced set of three phase voltages is applied
to a balanced three phase system, only positive
sequence currents can flow. That is:
Only Positive Sequence Currents Exist.
Zero Sequence Currents “Do Not Exist”.
Negative Sequence Currents “Do Not Exist”.