MEL 3020 Kinematics and

Dynamics of Machines
Week 7: Gear trains
 Simple Gear Train
• A Single Gear Set is usually limited
to a ratio of about 10:1

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 2

 Compound Gear Train

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 3

 Problem

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 4

 Problem

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 5

 Compound Gear Train

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 6

 Reverted Compound Gear Train

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 7

 Reverted Compound Gear Train

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 8

 Reverted Compound Gear Train

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 9

 Reverted Compound Gear Train

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 10

 Epicyclic or Planetary Gear Trains

• DOF = 2

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 11

 Epicyclic or Planetary Gear Trains

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 12

 Levai’s 12 Basic Epicyclic Trains

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 13

 Epicyclic or Planetary Gear Trains

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 14

 Epicyclic or Planetary Gear Trains

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 15

 Ferguson's paradox

IIT Jodhpur
11/19/2021 16
Video on Ferugon’s Paradox: https://youtu.be/UXUU0R-GSZ8
 Ferguson's paradox

Sun gear 2 is fixed to the frame. Find the

angular velocities of the two outputs that
are available from this compound train, one
from gear 3 and one from gear 4, both of
which are free to rotate on the main shaft.

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 17

 Ferguson's paradox

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 18

 Ferguson's paradox

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 19

 Limitation of Formula Method
• Either the velocities of the arm plus one gear must be known
or the velocities of two gears, the first and last, as so
designated, must be known.
• Another limitation of this method is that both the first and
last gears chosen must be pivoted to ground (not orbiting),
and there must be a path of meshes connecting them, which
may include orbiting planet gears.

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 20

 Tabular Method

find the absolute output angular velocity of the

ring gear.

+100

-400 -200

-250 -50

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 21

 Ferguson's paradox

Sun gear 2 is fixed to the frame. Find the

angular velocities of the two outputs that are
available from this compound train, one from
gear 3 and one from gear 4, both of which are
free to rotate on the main shaft.

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 22

 Ferguson's paradox

-100

+600 +500

-1.01 -101.01

+600 +500

+0.99 -99.09
11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 23
 Efficiency in in Epicyclic Train (Molian [4])
1. Basic Ratio ρ

2. Basic Efficiency E0

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 24

 Efficiency in in Epicyclic Train (Molian [4])

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 25

 Torques and Efficiencies in Epicyclic Train

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 26

 Problem

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 27

 Problem

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 28

•
TRANSMISSIONS
Manual Transmission
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCu9W9xNwtI
• Automatic Transmission
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ugao6jTyM7k
• Torque Converters
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z5G2zQ_3xTc
• Manual Vs Automatic
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=auQgOtveQi0
• Dual Clutch Transmission
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFAtc-zOKZs
• Continuous Variable Transmission
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PEq5_b4LWNY

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 29

 Four-speed Manual Synchromesh Automobile
transmission

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 30

Four Speed Automatic Automobile Transmission

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 31

 Torque Convertor

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 32

 Schematic of automatic transmission

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 33

 Model T epicyclic transmissoin

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 34

 Continuously Variable Trasmissoin

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 35

 Differentials (Topic 9.12)
• Differential
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K4JhruinbWc
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SOgoejxzF8c
• Limited Slip Differential
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WeLm7wHvdxQ
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PEdnH7_7_yc
• Torsen Differential, How it works ?
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEiSTzK-A2A
• Steering and Power Steering
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=em1O8mz7sF0
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KY8Ky_H4vv0
• All wheel drive
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rHMDtEPeuQM

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 36

 Differential

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 37

 TEOSEN Differential

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 38

 All Wheel Drive

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 39

Turning Behaviour of Four Wheeler

11/19/2021 IIT Jodhpur 40