RECALL

PROPERTIES OF
EXPONENTS ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE

a. a0 = 1
(-2xy2)0 = 1

b. axay = ax+y
a3.a5 = a3+5 = a8

c.

d. (ax)y = axy
(y2)5 = y2(5) = y10

e. (ab)x = axbx
(3xz2)3 = 33x3z2(3) = 27x3z6
 RECALL
PROPERTIES OF EXPONENTS ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE

f.
= =

g. a-x =
7y-4 =

h.
 DRILL
 
Find the value of each expression.
1. 8 =
0 1 6. (y ) =
2 4 y 8

  1   128
2. 4-3 = = 7.
7
3. x .x = =
2 7 64 8. = 𝑦
4. =  
X 9
9. x x =
-4 3 40s 3

5. (3a2b)2 =   10. (3x3)-2 =   1

b5 𝑥
9a4b2
    1
9𝑥 6
 EXPONENTIA
L AND
LOGARITHMI
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C FUNCTIONS
  Exponential functions are often used to represent real-
world applications, such as bacterial growth/decay,
population growth/decline, and compound interest.
 Through the study of exponential and logarithmic
functions, important decisions can be made. Future
WHY ARE EXPONENTIAL phenomena are predicted using models, thus, giving us
AND LOGARITHMIC the opportunity to make advance judgment or
decisions that would help us adapt to the changes.
FUNCTIONS IMPORTANT?

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EXPONENTIA
L FUNCTIONS
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Below are examples and non-examples of exponential functions.

EXAMPLES NON-EXAMPLES

f(x) = 3x f(x) = 2x – 3

k(x) = f(x) =

f(x) = 4x+3 f(x) = x2 + 1

f(x) = (3x)(3-1) f(x) = 3x2

f(x) = (5)-x f(x) =

 TAKE
NOTE
Exponential functions are widely used in
describing economic and physical phenomena
such as compound interest, population growth,
annuities, appreciation and depreciation, and
decay of radioactive materials. Exponential
functions involve a constant base and a variable
exponent.
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 TAKE NOTE
The exponential
function f with base b is Using the number line,

denoted by f(x) = ax     °
°
0 1
0<a<1 a>1
where a > 0, a ≠ 1, and x
In a nutshell, the values of a are those that are greater
is a real number. than 0 except 1.
 A GLIMPSE
Problem:

Mr. Cruz deposited money in the bank which earns 5% annual interest compounded
annually. Computation is done every year to know the interest earned. The first interest
is added to the deposit. This sum also earns interest for the next period.
Supposed Mr. Cruz’ initial deposit is Php 500. After the first year, the money would
earn Php 25.00 since Php 500(0.05) = Php 25. At the beginning of the second year, the
amount is already Php 525.00.
 A GLIMPSE
The table below illustrates how the money grows year after
year.
Time Involved Amount of Money in the Bank
At the beginning Php 500
After one year Php 500 + Php 500(0.05) = Php 525.00
After two years Php 525.00 + Php 525.00(0.05) = Php 551.25
After three years Php 551.25 + php 551.25(0.05) = Php 578.81
And so on…
 A GLIMPSE
The table below illustrates how the money grows year after
year.
Computation:
 
Time Amount of Money in the Bank After 1 year: 500 + 500(0.05) = 500(1 + 0.05)
Involved = 500(1.05)
At the beginning Php 500 = Php 525.00
After 2 years: 500(1.05) + 500(1.05)(0.05) = 500
After 1 year Php 500 + Php 500(0.05) = Php 525.00 After 3 years: 500(1.05)3
After 4 years: 500(1.05)4
After 2 years Php 525.00 + Php 525.00(0.05) = Php 551.25 And so on…
After n years, the total amount of money A deposited is
After 3 years Php 551.25 + php 551.25(0.05) = Php 578.81 denoted by:

And so on… A = 500(1.05)n A = P(1 + r)t

 REMEMBER
A = P(1 + r)t
where P is the principal, r is the interest rate
compounded annually, t is the number of
years , and A is the amount after t years.
 A GLIMPSE
 Solution:
At the start of an experiment , there
are 2000 bacteria in a colony. In 2 hours, Using N = N0ekt
the population has tripled. Assume that N = 2000ekt
N = 6000 the population has tripled
the growth law N = N0ekt applies. 6000 = 2000ek(2) t=2
3 = e2k divide both sides by 2000
1. Determine ek =
1. ek = or
2. Determine the population 10 hours 2. N = 2000ek(10)
after the start of the experiment. = 2000(ek)10
= 2000 ()10
= 2000(35)
= 2000 (243)
= 486,000 population of bacteria in
the colony after 10 hours
 REMEMBER
N = N0ekt
where N0 is the original population present at time t = 0, N is
the population present at time t, k is a constant (rate of
growth) of the population, and e is an irrational number used
as based of exponential function which is approximately
equivalent to 2.71828.
 DRILL
 
Write E if the given function is exponential and NE if
it is not exponential.
1. f(x) = -3x ___
NE 6. g(x) = (x + 1)(x – 2) ___NE
2. k(x) = 3-x ___E 7. g(x) = - 12x ___NE
3. f(x) = x2 – 3 ___
NE 8. g(x) = 2-x + 1 ___ E
4. q(x) = 3 – 2x ___E 9. h(x) = 2x+4 – 12 ___ E
5. f(x) = 32 – x ___NE 10. h(x) = ___ NE
 DRILL
Directions: Write E if the given table of values represent exponential function,
otherwise, write NE.

NE x -2 -1 0 1 2 3 E x 0 1 2 3 4 5
___1. ___3.
f(x) -4 -2 0 2 4 6 f(x) 1 3 9 27 81 243

x -2 -1 0 1 2 3 x 0 1 2 3 4 5
NE 2.
___ E 4.
___
f(x) 4 1 0 1 4 9 f(x) 1 4 16 64 256 1024
 DRILL
 Directions: Write E if the given situation represents exponential function, otherwise, write NE.
NE An amount of Php 20,000 is invested in PLDT shares of stock at 3
____1.
____2.
E A piece of paper folded in half 8 times is 0.025 mm thick.
____3.
E A car cost Php 500,000 when new and depreciates at 10% annually.
____4.
NE The distance travelled varies directly as the speed.
____5.
NE The area of a square is equal to the square of its side.
____6.
E An amount of Php 20,000 was invested at 6% compounded semi-annually for 5 years.
____7.
E The volume of a cylinder is given by the formula V = h.
2

____8.
E A colony of bacteria doubles its number every 24 hours.
____9.
E Money earns 5% annual interest compounded quarterly.
____10.
NE The value of y increases as the value of x increases.
 THE GRAPH OF AN EXPONENTIAL
FUNCTION
A. The Graph of an Exponential Function of the Form f(x) = X f(x)
ax, where a > 1
-3
Key Features of the Graph -2
1. The domain of the function f(x) = 2x is the set of all real -2
-1
numbers, while the range is the set of all positive real
number (y > 0). 0
-1 1
2. The y intercept is 1, and there is no x intercept. 1 2
3. For x > 0, the graph grow very rapidly. 02 14
4. For x < 0, the x axis serves as the asymptote for the graph.
13 28
Asymptote – a line that a certain part of a graph approaches 2 4
more and more closely but never reaches. 3 8
 THE GRAPH OF AN EXPONENTIAL
FUNCTION
A. The Graph of an Exponential Function of the x f(x) g(x)
Form f(x) = ax, where a > 1 -3

-2
Illustrative Example: -2
-1
With f(x) = 2x as the basic graph, sketch the -1
0 1 1
graph of g(x) = 4x in the same coordinate plane.
1 2 4
Compare the two graphs. 0 1 1
2 4 16
1 2 4
Notice that both graphs are increasing, but the 3
2
8
4
64
16
graph of the function g(x) = 4x is increasing more
3 8 64
rapidly than that of f(x) = 2x.
TAKE NOTE
 EVALUATION

TO BE FORWARDED
IN THE GROUP
CHAT!!!
CUIDAR SIEMPRE!!!

TAKE CARE ALWAYS!!!