CHAPTER 5

THE AUDIENCE AND THE

OCCASION
 A. The Audience
• Age
• Sex
• Occupation
• Education
• Experience
• Size
• Interests
• Beliefs and Attitudes
 AGE
• Age is an Important Audience Characteristic.
• Age is an important variable to consider when analyzing your target
audience. Individuals who grow up at the same time are called
“cultural generations”.
• They often share many of the same experiences as others of the same
age group.
• An outcome of a cultural generation is a set of shared values, beliefs,
and attitudes that are important to consider when preparing a speech.
 GENDER / SEX
Gender can have strong impact
• Women and Men share a broader range experiences than before.
• The composition of the audience has also change
• Avoid words and phrases that demean people on the basis of sexual
orientation.
• Avoid examples that may exclude listeners with same-sex partners
• Avoid generalization
 OCCUPATION
• While it’s true that some people can’t imagine anything scarier than
speaking in front of a room full of people, others find nothing more
thrilling. If you’re among those who love charge that comes with
presenting, then it might be time to consider a career that lets you
take advantage of it.
5 Public speaking job for anyone who loves to present:
* Teacher or Professor * News anchor
* Attorney * Politician
* Motivational speaker
 EDUCATION
The more educated your audience is, the more you can
assume they know about general topics and current
affairs, and the broader their range of interests may be.
Research suggests that better-educated audiences are
more interested in social, environmental, consumer, and
political issues.
Educational differences affect the strategies you use in a speech
—for example:
o If there are several positions on an issue, assume that a better-
educated audience will be aware of them.
o Acknowledge alternative viewpoints, and explain why you
choose your position.
o Support your ideas with sound evidence and examples that can
stand up under close scrutiny.
o Be well prepared. If you are not, educated listeners will
question your credibility.
 EXPERIENCE

• The Audience Experience identifies a momentous change in

what it means to be part of an audience for a live arts
performance. Together, new communication technologies
and new kinds of audiences have transformed the
expectations of performance and the Audience Experience
explores key.
 SIZE
• The size of your audience is the number of visitors to Quora
that match the criteria you set for that audience. It roughly
represents the potential number of people your ads might
reach if you target that audience.
 INTEREST
• The audience interest the topic related to the current
situation.
Example:
• Online class
• The audience must interest the topic that they've experience.
Example:
• Discouragement
 BELIEFS AND ATTITUDES
• An attitude is a positive or negative evaluation of
people, objects, event, activities, ideas, or just about
anything in the environment. If the speaker knows
the audience's attitude toward the topic before the
speech, he or she can make sure to address these
attitudes during the speech preparation.
B. The Occasion
• Nature and Purpose

• The Program

• The Speaker’s Role

• The Speaking Environment

 NATURE
• Public speaking is the process of speaking to a group of
people in a structured, deliberate manner intended to
inform, influence or entertain the listeners. It is closely
allied to “presenting”, although the latter has more of a
commercial connotation.
• In public speaking, an in any form of communication, there
are five basic elements, often expressed as “who is saying,
what to whom using, what medium with effects?
 PURPOSE
• It seems that the best public speakers these days tend to be the
comedians and story tellers who can make us laugh or touch
our emotions. If you have a good storytelling techniques you
can command the attention of any audience. As a public
speaker, you can lift the spirits of your listeners through an
entertaining presentation.
• The purpose of public speaking can range from simply
transmitting information , to motivating people to act or to
simply telling a story.
 THE PROGRAM
o Grammar and Correct Usage – a comprehensive review of all parts of speech,
following a down-to-earth applied approach, one that requires no memorization of
rules.

o Dialogues – to help acquaint us with simple, general and correct pattern sentences
used in everyday conversations.

o Idiomatic Expressions – words and phrases to add emphasis and meaning to what we
say.

o Vocabulary Building – to add volume and variety to our knowledge of words in the
English Language.
 THE SPEAKER’S ROLE

• Speakers are Objective.

• Speakers are Credible.
• Speakers are Knowledgeable.
• Speakers Make the Topic Relevant.
 SPEAKERS ARE OBJECTIVE

• Speakers should deliver their objectives clearly

to the audience so that the audience will not be
confused on the objective that you are meant to
say.
 SPEAKERS ARE CREDIBLE
• Credibility or ethos, refers to an audience’s perception that
the speaker is well prepared and qualified to speak on a
topic.
TWO KINDS OF CREDIBILITY
• The reputation that precedes you before you give your
speech (antecedent credibility)
• Credibility you develop during the course of your speech
(consequent credibility).
 SPEAKERS ARE KNOWLEDGEABLE
• Speakers must be knowledgeable before facing his
audience aside from experience that he can relate to
his topic he still should find or cite some accurate and
complete information and it should be up-to-date,
reliable, unbiased and directly related to the topic.
 SPEAKER MAKE THE TOPIC RELEVANT
• Speaker should know the topic to be discuss on what
type of audience he will face, so that the audience
can apply it to their life and make it as an inspiration
and also consider what they NEED to hear rather
than what they WANT to hear.
 THE SPEAKING ENVIRONMENT
• Speech may be delivered in the open air or in a hall.
Factors that affect the mood of a audience and their degree of
attention:
• the crowd may be noisy.
• There may be not enough chairs to go around and some are
standing.
• Some disturbing noise.
 THE SPEAKING ENVIRONMENT

• Hot and uncomfortable.

• The audience are impatient.
• It may be very large.
• Need for public address that is not available.
• Speakers must adjust his style of delivery depending on his
speaking environment
C. Group Discussions

• The Group Leader

• The Group Participant

 THE GROUP LEADER
• Participates in the selection of participants (participants profile
established based on the themes and objectives of the project)
• Knows the level of knowledge / skills / abilities of each participant in
connection with the profile established
• Establishes the final program of activities with partners and young
participants
• Engages in continuous communication with partners
• Assess the potential risks that may arise in the project and what
measures might be taken to prevent / solve them
 THE GROUP PARTICIPANT

A person who is involved in an activity or event:

a person who participates in an activity
 D. Adjustments
• Be observant of everything in your environment.
Before you speak you may already perceive certain
things that should make you decide to adjust. As you
are speaking, watch the reactions of your audience
and adjust accordingly. Do not stick on your plans
when they are no longer feasible.
Reporters:
Cruz, Jenny
Danosos, Charyl
Del Rosario, Erica Joyce
Dianon, Clark Arvin
Dagman, Jessie
Distor, Rachel