CHEMISTRY

STRUCTURE OF ATOM

Introduction
Dalton’s atomic theory
Discovery of electron
SLIDESHOW PRESENTED BY
A.ARUNDATHY
XI-A
 At the time of 400 B.C.,existence
INTRODUCTION
of atoms have been found by :

EARLIER
INDIAN PHILOSOPHERS and
SPECULATION
GREEK PHILOSOPHERS
ABOUT

ATOMS
 DEMOCRITUS(Greek Philosopher)

Years – 460-370 B.C.

He said “Nothing exists except atoms and empty
space ,everything else is a matter of opinion”.
He reasoned that atoms were indivisible and
indestructible.
ACHARYA KANADA(Indian Philosopher)

He was the first Indian philosopher credited with

coming up with the concept of atom for the first time.
In his time , his theory was found to be advanced .
He gave the name “paramanu” to the invisible particle
he found what we call today as atom.
The earlier ideas were mere speculations and
there was no technology to experiment and
prove them.
These ideas remained unproven till 19th
century.
ADVANTAGES OF DALTON’S THEORY

It explained the following laws:

1)Law of conservation of mass
2)Law of constant composition
3)Law of multiple proportion
 John dalton , a british school
DALTON’S teacher in 1808,proposed the
ATOMIC first scientific atomic theory.
THEORY It is called “Dalton’s atomic
(Scientifically theory”.
proven He regarded matter as the
atomic
theory) ultimate particle of matter.
 POSTULATES OF DALTON’S THEORY

*All matter is composed of extremely small particles called

atoms.
*All atoms of a given element are identical
atoms cannot be created,divided nor be destroyed (LAW
OF CONSERVATION OF MASS)
*Different atoms combine in simple whole number ratios to
form compounds(LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS)
*In a chemical reaction,atoms are separated combined or
rearranged
DRAWBACKS OF DALTON’S ATOMIC THEORY
  In 1830,Michael Faraday showed that
DISCOVERY if electricity is passed through a
OF solution of an electrolyte ,chemical
ELECTRON reactions occurred at the electrodes ,
which resulted in the liberation and
deposition of matter at the electrodes.
 CATHODE RAY TUBE

In mid 1850s , Faraday began to study cathode ray

discharge tubes.
It consists of two electrodes sealed in it.(Cathode-
Negative electrode,Anode-positive electrode)
The electrical discharge can be observed in very low
pressure and very high voltages.
When high voltage is applied across electrodes,current
flows from cathode to anode.These are called cathode
rays.
RESULT OF CATHODE RAY EXPERIMENT

1)Cathode rays move from cathode to anode

2)Cathode rays are not visible;they can be observed with the help of
phosphorescent or fluorescent materials
3) These rays travel in a straight line in the absence of magnetic field.
4)The behaviour of cathode rays is similar to that of the negatively charged
particles in the presence of an electrical or magnetic field.
5)Characteristics of cathode rays do not depend upon the material of the
electrodes and the nature of the gas present in the table.
 CHARGE TO MASS RATIO OF ELECTRON

In 1897,J.J.Thomson measured the

ratio of electrical charge to the mass of
electron by using cathode ray tube and
applying electrical and magnetic field
perpendicular to each other as well as
to the path of electrons.
CHARGE ON THE ELECTRON
THANK YOU!