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 Figure 1.
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Recommendations on timing of antibiotic

administration.

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 2
 Figure 2.
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Summary of vasoactive agents

recommendations.

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 3
 TABLE 1.
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Table of Current Recommendations and

Changes From Previous 2016
Recommendations

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 4
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 5
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 6
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 7
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 8
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 9
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 10
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 11
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 12
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 13
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 14
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 15
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 16
 TABLE 2.
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Examples of Risk Factors for Fungal

Infection

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 17
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 18
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 19
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 20
 TABLE 3.
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Guidance for PK/PD-Based Dosing for

Specific Drug Classes

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 21
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 22
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 23
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 24
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 25
 TABLE 4.
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Planned Duration of Empirical Antimicrobial

Therapy in RCTs of Shorter vs Longer
Duration of Therapy According to Clinical
Syndrome

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 26
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 27
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 28
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 29
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 30
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 31
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 32
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 33
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 34
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 35
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 36
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 37
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 38
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 39
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 40
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 41
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 42
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 43
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 44
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 45
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 46
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 47
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 48
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 49
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 50
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 51
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 52
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 53
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 54
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 55
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 56
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 57
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 58
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 59
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 60
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 61
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 62
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 63
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 64
 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Se
psis and Septic Shock 2021

Evans, Laura; Rhodes, Andrew; Alhazzani, Waleed; Antonelli, Massimo;

Coopersmith, Craig M.; French, Craig; Machado, Flávia R.; Mcintyre,
Lauralyn; Ostermann, Marlies; Prescott, Hallie C.; Schorr, Christa; Simpson,
Steven; Wiersinga, W. Joost; Alshamsi, Fayez; Angus, Derek C.; Arabi, Yaseen;
Azevedo, Luciano; Beale, Richard; Beilman, Gregory; Belley-Cote, Emilie;
Burry, Lisa; Cecconi, Maurizio; Centofanti, John; Coz Yataco, Angel; De Waele,
Jan; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Doi, Kent; Du, Bin; Estenssoro, Elisa; Ferrer, Ricard;
Gomersall, Charles; Hodgson, Carol; Hylander Møller, Morten; Iwashyna,
Theodore; Jacob, Shevin; Kleinpell, Ruth; Klompas, Michael; Koh, Younsuck;
Kumar, Anand; Kwizera, Arthur; Lobo, Suzana; Masur, Henry; McGloughlin,
Steven; Mehta, Sangeeta; Mehta, Yatin; Mer, Mervyn; Nunnally, Mark;
Oczkowski, Simon; Osborn, Tiffany; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth; Perner,
Anders; Puskarich, Michael; Roberts, Jason; Schweickert, William; Seckel,
Maureen; Sevransky, Jonathan; Sprung, Charles L.; Welte, Tobias;
Zimmerman, Janice; Levy, Mitchell
Critical Care Medicine49(11):e1063-e1143, November 2021.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337

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