Pidgins

and
Creole
Adam Saydin 1814025019
Salsabila Sajida 1814025079
Riki Rinaldi 1814025084
 Definition
Holm (1988, pp. 4–5) defines a pidgin as: A reduced language
that results from extended contact between groups of people
with no language in common; it evolves when they need some
means of verbal communication, perhaps for trade, but no group
learns the native language of any other group for social reasons
that may include lack of trust or of close contact. The process of
pidginization probably requires a situation that involves at least
three languages (Whinnom, 1971).

Aitchison (1994, p. 3177) says, ‘creoles arise when pidgins

become mother tongues.’ A creole, therefore, is a ‘normal’
language in almost every sense. Holmes (1992, p. 95) says
that ‘A creole is a pidgin which has expanded in structure
and vocabulary to express the range of meanings and serve
the range of functions required of a first language.’
 Distribution and Characteristics
Pidgins and Creoles are
distributed mainly in places
that have an easy access on
the ocean. Found mainly in
the Caribbean and around
the north and east coasts of
South America, around the
coasts of Africa, particularly
the west coast, and across
the Indian and Pacific
Oceans. Basically the
distribution were happened
because of long-standing
patterns of trade, including
trade of slaves.
The sounds of a pidgin or
creole are likely to be fewer
and less complicated in their
possible arrangements than
those of the corresponding
standard language. One
additional point is worth
stressing. A language like
English often has
complicated phonological
relationships between words
(or morphemes, the small
bits of meaning in words)
that are closely related,
e.g., the first vowel in type
and typical, the c in space
and spacious, and the
different sounds of the
‘plural’ ending in cats, dogs,
and boxes. In pidgins and
creoles there is likely to be a
complete lack of inflection in
nouns, pronouns, verbs, and
adjectives. Nouns are not
marked for number and
gender, and verbs lack tense
markers. There is such a
complete reduction of
inflection in pidgins.
Differences like one book–
two books, he bakes–he
baked, and big–bigger are
quite expendable.
 Origins Creole was originally used in the 16th century to refer to
locally born individuals of Spanish, Portuguese, or African
descent as distinguished from those born in Spain, Portugal,
or Africa. By the early 17th century the word was adopted
into French (and, to some extent, English) usage to refer to
The Origins of Pidgin
people of African or European descent who had been born in
comes from colonialism,
the American and Indian Ocean colonies. It was also used as
trade and slavery. Pidgin
an adjective to characterize plants, animals, and customs
languages started to
typical of the same regions.
develop in areas where
the colonists and traders
The theory of polygenesis, is
came and settled. Pidgin
that pidgins and creoles have a
is a mix of local
variety of origins; any
languages with influences
similarities among them arise
of English, French,
from the shared circumstances
Portuguese, Spanish,
of their origins. (For example,
Dutch, Arabic, Chinese
speakers of English have had
etc. At that time pidgin
to make themselves
was the lingua franca for
understood for the purposes of
trading and a
trade and those trading with
communication tool for
them have had to be
slaves.
understood).
 From Pidgin to Creole

A pidgin is almost Pidginization seems to have Pidginization can occur almost

always involved in happened repeatedly, for it is overnight. Relexification also
the earliest stage of one of the basic means by seems to be a rapid process.
a creole. The pidgin which linguistic contact is Creolization can take as little as
comes about from made among speakers of two generations. The particular
the need to different languages who find combination of language and
communicate. When themselves in an social contact that gives rise to
those who need to asymmetrical social pidgins and creoles seems also
communicate speak relationship. to have occured frequently in
a variety of Creolization occurs only when the history of the human
languages and the a pidgin for some reason species.
speakers of the becomes the variety of
target language are language that children must
superior in some use in situations in which use
sense and perhaps of a full language is effectively
transient too. denied them. A creole is the
native language of some of its
speakers
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