(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING)

Presentation on Motors & VFD

Submitted to:- Submitted by:-

Dr. Sandeep Gupta Mr. Parth Dosi
Assistant Professor-I (15beln008)
JECRC UNIVERSITY 8th Semester, IV Year
MOTORS & VFD

Presented by
Mr.Parth Dosi
 CONTENTS

• Introduction
• Principle of how motor works
• Structural design
• Classification of motors
• Ac motors
• Dc motors
• What is VFD?
• Working of VFD
• VFD system.
• Types of VFD drives.
• Advantage of VFD.
• Application VFD drives.
• Conclusion
• Reffrences
COMPANY PROFILE
• Amar electrical is in the field ofRewinding/Repairing/Overhauling of above cited
equipments since last 20 years and our client includes various public and private
sector undertakings.
• We introduce our self as one of the leading Re-winders/Repairers of all kind of
equipments I.E. A.C. & D.C. Electric Motors & drives , Generators, Alternators,
Welding machine etc. of various capacity.
• We have also pleasure to inform you that we are one of the leading authorized
service centre for “A.B.B”LTD.& MARATHON ELECTRIC & HINDUSTAN
MOTOR” for the Rewinding/Repairing of their equipments throughout Gujarat.

• We are a private limited company founded in 1998 in Ahmedabad,

India.

• CEO-Mr. Devendara Yadav

• PROJECT MANAGER-Mr. Suhag Soni
 INTRODUCTION

What is an electric motor?

 Electromechanical device that converts electrical energy
to mechanical energy.
 Mechanical energy used to e.g.
 Rotate pump impeller, fan, blower

 Drive compressors

 Lift materials

 Motors in industry: 70% of electrical load.

PRINCIPLE OF HOW MOTOR WORKS
 STRUCTURAL DESIGN
 An electric motor is all about magnets and
magnetism: A motor uses magnets to create
motion.
 A motor is consist of two magnets.
CLASSIFICATION OF MOTORS
 AC MOTOR
 Electrical current reverses direction
 Two parts: stator and rotor
Stator: stationary electrical component
Rotor: rotates the motor shaft
rotor
 Speed difficult to control stator

 Two types
• Synchronous motor
• Induction motor
 SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

A synchronous motor is an AC motor, which runs at

constant speed fixed by frequency of the system.

This motor rotates at a synchronous

speed, which is given by the following
equation NS=120F/P.
 INDUCTION MOTOR
Induction motors are the most common
motors used for various equipments in
industry.
Components
 Rotor
•Squirrel cage
•Wound rotor
 Stator
Induction motors can be classified into two main groups:
 single-phase induction motors
 three-phase induction motors

 Single-phase induction motors:

These only have one stator winding, operate with
a single-phase power supply...

 Three –phase induction motors:

They use three sets of stator coils the rotating
magnetic field drags the rotor around with it
 DC MOTOR
DC motors, as the name implies, use a direct
unidirectional current sources of electricity :-
• Batteries
• DC Power supply
When power is applied, DC motors turn in
one direction at a fixed speed.
They are optimized to run at a fixed, usually
high RPM.
Torque is highest at the rated speed and lowest
at low speeds.
Almost all can be reversed.
Inexpensive and commonly available.
Main Advantage of DC Motor is-
 Speed control without impact power supply
quality
 Changing armature voltage
 Changing field current

 Suitable for turning, spinning, etc.

 Restricted use
• Few low/medium speed applications
• Clean, non-hazardous areas

 Expensive compared to AC motors

• DC MOTOR COMPONENTS
 Field pole
• North pole and south pole
• Receive electricity to form magnetic field
 Armature
• Cylinder between the poles
• Electromagnet when current goes through
• Linked to drive shaft to drive the load
 Commutator
• Overturns current direction in armature
 TYPES OF DC MOTOR

Separately excited DC motor: field current

supplied from a separate force

Self-excited DC motor:
•Shunt motor : the field winding (shunt field) is
connected in parallel with the armature winding.

•Series motor : the field winding (shunt field) is

connected in series with the armature winding.

•Compound motor : compound motor is a

combination of shunt and series motor.
 LOSSES :

Losses are primarily of two types i.e. core and copper

losses.

 Copper loss
 Core loss
 Friction and windage
Loss
 Stray load loss
 WHAT IS VFD ?
VFD=Variable Frequency Drives
VFD is a type of Motor controller that drives an Electric
Motor by varying the frequency or
•voltage . Frequency is direct related to RPM.

• F= P Ns / 120
This technology has several different names such as:
 Variable speed drive,
• Adjustable speed drive,
• Adjustable frequency drive
• Frequency converter.
Purpose of using VFD:

• Improved efficiency of motor-driven equipment

by matching speed to changing load
•requirements, allowing accurate and continuous
process control over a wide range of speeds.
• Control and regulated operation,
• Speeding up or slowing down a machine or
process,
• Protection from overload currents,
• Safe acceleration
 WORKING OF VFD
VFDs convert input power to adjustable frequency and
voltage source for controlling speed of AC induction
motor. Frequency is directly related to motor speed,
• F= P Ns / 120
The VFD has three separate sections:
A.Rectifier :-where AC is converted to DC;
B.DC Intermediate Filter Circuit :- which contains the
capacitor and inductor for filtering & Provides a
smooth, rectified DC voltage.
A.Inverter :- Where DC is turned back to three-phase
AC,
 The basic working principle of an inverter is
switching the DC on and off so rapidly that the motor
receives a pulsating voltage that is similar to AC. The
switching rate is controlled to vary the frequency of
the simulated AC that is applied to the motor.
 TYPES OF VFD
• General types of VFD drives:

DC (Direct Current) VFD Drives:-

•  DC Motors have become expensive and today most DC motor speed control
systems are retrofitted with an AC induction motor and AC VFD drive.

AC (Alternating Current) VFD Drives:-

 Mostly electrical energy is supplied by electric motors in fixed-speed centrifugal

pump, fan, and air compressor applications .

 That is why Most industrial manufacturers replace their eddy current and DC
variable frequency drive systems with AC variable frequency drive systems.

 Technology has reduced size and cost of AC variable frequency drives,

And has improved performance through advances in semiconductor switching
devices,, and improve overall efficiency.
 ADVANTAGES OF VFD
Power savings is the principal advantage of any VFD.
Complete control over motor speed can be achieved using VFDs.
Third quadrant operation is possible by using a VFD ,so the motor
reversal is possible.
Smooth starting,
A VFD can control a process temperature, pressure, or flow
without the use of a separate controller.
Lower maintenance costs, as lower operating speeds result in
longer life for bearings and motors driven equipment.
The motor does not require a starter.
Different type of Protection (Ex- ShortCircuit
,Overload , Earth Leakage, Phase Loss, overload protection etc.)
Power factor improvement.
 APPLICATIONS OF VFD
•AC variable frequency drives are used in:-
 Waste Water Treatment Systems,
 AC Servo Systems,
 Air Compressors,
 Conveyor Systems,
 Lathes, Mills,
 Plastic Extrusion,
 Slitter Lines,
 Food Processing,
 Submersible Pumps,
 HVAC Fans and Blowers,
 Best suited for elevators, escalators, crushers, mixers etc
 NEED:

 When there is a new installation or modification to

your plant.

 Old motors are damaged and need rewinding.

 Existing motors are underloaded or overloaded.

 Protecting other devices.

 ANALYSIS

Factors Affecting Output

•Standard Test Conditions
•Temperature
• Rotor shape
•Mismatch connection and wiring
losses
•Earthing
 MY ROLE

As a trainee
•Collect the data
•Motor & VFD testing at
HV&LV
•Supervise the technicians
•Re-winding & Repairing
•Client handling
 LEARNING

•Got a real life industry experience

with a great team
•How to install motor parts and
VFD
•Details about the motor and VFD
•Practical knowledge
•Labours and clients handling
 CONCLUSION:
Finally i conclude that most of the industrial loads
having motors are consuming 70% of the total
electricity.so it is better to replace standard motors
with energy efficient motors and VFD where ever
economical. so that
we can
Save
energy.
Save money.
Save
atmosphere
from
pollution.
 REFERENCES:

 Amar electrical workshop

 Wikipedia.com

 Slide share.com

 Project form.com

 Student seminar.com