REVIEW ON USING RANS

TO SIMULATE THE
INTERACTION AND
OVERALL
PERFORMANCE OF
PROPELLERS AND
RUDDERS WITH THRUST
FINS

Gutha Manikanta -
17104069
INTRODUCTION:
• The rudder with additional thrust fins behind the stem absorbing the energy of propeller can produce the
additional thrust force.
• Wang (1987) used the non-linear Vortex-Lattice method for the designing of one additional thrusting fin.
• Chen and Wang (1991) used the lifting surface method and panel method for the calculation of propeller
and rudder with additional thrust fins.
• Guo and Huang (2006a) used lifting surface method and non-linear vortex lattice method for the
calculation of propeller and rudder with additional thrust fins.
• Guo and Huang (2006b) used lifting surface method and panel method for the calculation of propeller and
rudder with additional thrust fin.
• Guo and Huang (2007) used panel method for the calculation of the unsteady performance of propeller
and rudder with additional thrust fin. The influence of ship hull was given as unsteady flow on the disc of
the propeller.
BASIC THEORY AND PROBLEM SETUP:
• The numerical simulations performed in the present work are based on the Reynolds-Averaged
Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations.

• where ui and uj (i, j=1, 2, 3) are the time averaged velocity components; xi and xj (i, j=1, 2,
3) are respectively the coordinates in longitudinal, transverse, and vertical directions; ρ is
density of fluid; p is the time averaged pressure, ν is the kinetic viscosity of water, and ' ' i j
−ρu u is the Reynolds stress term.
TURBULENCE MODELLING:
• It is derived from the instantaneous Navier-Stokes equations using the Renormalized Group
theory.
• Application of the RNG theory yields a differential equation for the turbulent viscosity:

• The equations for k and ε have a similar form to the standard k- ε turbulence model:
TURBULENCE MODELLING:
• where k is turbulence kinetic energy, ε dissipation ratio of k; t is the time, ρ and j x defined as
those in Eq.(1) and Eq.(2), eff μ and μ the turbulent viscosity, C υ ≈100 constant number and P
represents the production of turbulence kinetic energy. The quantities αk =1.0 and αε =1.3 are
respectively inverse effective Prandtl number of k and ε, while C1 ε =1.44 and C2 ε =1.92 are
constants of the model.
PROBLEM SETUP:
• the unsteady performance of propeller and rudder with additional thrust fins was investigated by
sliding mesh model. The essential idea behind the sliding mesh model concept is that each fluid
zone is solved as an unsteady-state problem, so as to simulate the interaction between rotor and
stator.
• The Cartesian coordinate system is set up; X-axis is downstream, Y-axis coincides with the
projection of the generatrix on the propeller disc while Z-axis is a right-hand coordinate system.
• The global computational domain is a circular cylinder which is 16D in length and 6D in diameter,
where D is the propeller diameter.
• Inside the global domain there is a cylindrical sub-domain which surrounds and rotates with the
propeller blades. The propeller disk plane is located at 5D downstream of the upstream boundary
of the global domain.
PROBLEM SETUP:
PROBLEM SETUP:
PROBLEM SETUP:
PROBLEM SETUP:
• Unstructured grids are used in the sub-domain, while structured grids are used in other parts of the
global domain.
• The upstream and cylindrical faces of the global domain are treated as velocity inlet, while the
downstream face as pressure outlet (standard atmospheric pressure).
• The surface of propeller and rudder with additional thrust fins is treated as non-slip body surface.
The interfaces of the sub-domain and the global domain are all treated as sliding surfaces.
PROBLEM SETUP:
PROBLEM SETUP:
• where β is the attack angle of fins. As we all know the directions of flow between the sides of
rudder are opposite because of the swirl of propeller, the attack angles of two fins are
antisymmetric.
CALCULATION RESULTS:
• All calculations are performed by using RNG k-ε turbulence model. Momentum equation using
second-order upwind discrete pattern, while the pressure equation using Presto! format discrete
pattern.
• The total number of computational grids is about four million. As mentioned above, the unsteady
calculation employs sliding mesh model. Propeller rotational speed N=20 r/s (revolutions per
second), the time of each 2 degrees by the rotating propeller is an iteration time unit in unsteady
calculations.
• Virtual number of iterations is 20 times in each iteration unit. The convergence of thrust and
torque of blade can be easily found in the calculation.
• While the convergence of force of rudder with additional thrust fins behind the propeller is more
difficult.
CALCULATION RESULTS:
CALCULATION RESULTS:
CALCULATION RESULTS:
EFFICIENCIES:
EFFICIENCIES:
EFFICIENCIES:
CONCLUSION:
• The calculation on the interaction performance between the propeller and rudder with additiona1
thrust fins in the viscous flow.
• RNG-based k-ε turbulence model is adopted in present calculations.
• The unsteady calculation is performed by using sliding mesh model based on the steady result.
• Thrust between the system of propeller and rudder and the system of propeller and rudder with
additional thrust fins is calculated as the unsteady conditions.
• The pressure distribution of propeller and efficiency of fins are calculated as a function of the
attack angles.