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Hspa Basic
Hspa Basic
Hspa Basic
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Document Number: RK/CT/3/2010
This manual prepared by: MobileComm Technologies
Gurgaon-122002
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HSPA Motivations
3G Enables Wider Options of Services
3G Enables Advanced Data Services
HSPA for Higher Speed
What are the requirements for HSPA?
• Data Rate
– Demand for higher peak data rates
• Delay
– Lower latency
• Capacity
– Better capacity and throughput
– Better spectrum efficiency
– Finer resource granularity
• Coverage
– Better coverage for higher data rate
UMTS Data Rate Evolution
Delay
Video Share / Picture Share
Tolerant
- High Uplink data rates and improved coverage and capacity
– Error
File Uploading (large files)
Sensitiv
e - High Uplink data rates and improved coverage and capacity
UMTS Evolution / 3GPP Releases
-A
C H
D -B
C H C
D -
H
DC
-A
H
-DC
E
Rel. 99 -B
H
Dedicated pipe for every UE DC
E-
-C
H
DC HSUPA (3GPP Rel6)
E-
,C
A,B Dedicated pipe for every UE in UL
g
ul in Pipe (codes and grants) changing
d with time
c he
S E-DCH scheduling
HSDPA (3GPP Rel5)
Fast pipe is shared among UEs
HSDPA Basic
What is High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)
• What is HSDPA?
– A UMTS packet air interface
– 3.6 Mbps up to theoretical 14.4 Mbps peak/user
– Add-on solution on top of 3GPP R99/R4 architecture
– HSDPA terminals co-exist with R99 terminals
– No modification to the Core Network & Traffic Classes
Adaptive Modulation
• and Coding (AMC)
- Depending on UE channel conditions (CQI)
- QPSK, 16QAM
- Coding rate (1/4 - 3/4)
- Data rate adapted on 2 ms time basis
Fast Retransmission
•
- Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ)
- UE soft-combines data
- Reduced RTT
Fast Packet Scheduling (PS)
Scheduling of users on 2 ms time basis
New radio channels included for HSDPA
- DL: HS-(P)DSCH, HS-SCCH
- UL: HS-DPCCH
It is important to•note that downlink HSDPA is a shared data channel
- End user throughput depends on the number of the other users on the same HSDPA cell
- Capacity planning and dimensioning of HSDPA is different to non-real time (NRT) DCH bearer
HSDPA Basic Principles
Higher-order Modulation
16QAM in complement to QPSK for
higher peak bit rates
Fast Radio Channel
Fast Link Adaptation Dependent Scheduling
2 ms Scheduling of users on 2 ms time
Data rate adapted to radio
conditions on 2 ms time basis basis
Short TTI (2 ms)
Reduced round trip delay
Dynamic Power Allocation
t t
Power usage with dedicated channels Power usage with dedicated channels
Shared Channel Transmission
A set of radio resources dynamically shared among multiple users,
SF=1
SF=2
TTI
Shared
channelization
codes
• CQI (1-30) provides the Node B with a measure of the UE's perceived
channel quality and the UE receiver performance
• The CQI report estimates the number of bits that can be transmitted to
the UE using a certain assumed power with a block error rate of 10%
• Rate control
– Adjusts data rate based on the Radio conditions (CQI)
– Fast Adaptation : 2 ms TTI basis
– Adaptive Modulation (QPSK and 16 QAM) and Coding
– Use “available power”
Power
Dedicated channels
t
HS-DSCH with dynamic power allocation
Fast Hybrid ARQ with Soft Combining
HARQ
For Fast
retransmissions
Fast Hybrid ARQ with Soft Combining
Fast Scheduling
Fast Scheduling in the Time domain (1):
in the Node-B
•
– Transmission Time Interval (TTI) of 2ms assigned to users
– A short TTI reduces round-trip time and improves the tracking of channel
– variations
– the length of HSDPA sub-frame (TTI) is 3 slots (7680 chips)
Data
Ndata1 bits
k
Tslot = 2560 chips, M*10*2 bits (k=4)
1 HS-PDSCH subframe: T f = 2 ms
HSPA Basics
Fast Channel-dependent Scheduling
Fast Scheduling
in the Node-B
HSPA Basics
Queue Selection Algorithms
Round Robin RR:
HSPA Basics
Adaptive Modulation & Coding (AMC)
• 16 QAM allows twice the data rate to a user compared to
QPSK
t
5
Time
0
TTI 0 TTI 1 TTI 2 TTI 3 TTI 4 TTI 5 etc
2ms
user in a changing
user in a good user in a poor
radio channel radio channel radio channel
Adaptive Modulation & Coding (AMC)
Node B
• Increased
processing ● Additional ● Additional ● Additional ● Extended QoS
power (HW)
backhaul capacity capacity field for HSDPA
• RF power
allocation to bandwidth devices (for
HSDPA to support ● Software upgrade data rates >8
(min,max) higher Mbps)
• Management of data rates
new device
categories &
signalling ch.
• Software
upgrade
Summary of HSDPA key benefits
Adapted to bursty
Throughputs of :
traffic (statistical
• Up to 3.6 Mbps with QPSK
Adapted to variable- Multiplexing benefit)
• Up to 14 Mbps with
throughput flows 16QAM
High Speed
Downlink
Packet Access
Cost effective
HSPA Basics
HSDPA Limitations
• HSDPA does not respond for the following needs
– High uplink speed (uploading, video calls, video
conferences, browsing, online gaming, E-commerce)
– Large capacity (Limited number of users)
– Limited coverage (WCDMA has lower coverage than GSM
in rural areas WCDMA infrastructure is not profitable)
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS:
1. HSUPA – significantly improved uplink
2. WiMAX – significantly improved capacity
3. CDMA2000 – increased coverage
Fabricio Martinez
HSDPA Channels
Physical Channel Overview
HS-PDSCH
HS-PDSCH
High-Speed Physical DL Shared Channel
High-Speed Physical DL Shared Channel
HS-SCCH
HS-SCCH
HighSpeed
High SpeedShared
SharedControl
ControlChannel
Channel
HS-DPCCH
HS-DPCCH
HighSpeed
High SpeedDedicated
DedicatedPhysical
PhysicalControl
ControlChannel
Channel
Node B associatedDCH
associated DCH
DedicatedChannel
Dedicated Channel(Rel.
(Rel.99)
99)
MAC-hs
F-DPCH
F-DPCH
Fractional Dedicated Physical Channel (Rel. 6/7)
Fractional Dedicated Physical Channel (Rel. 6/7)
HS-PDSCH
HS-PDSCH: High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel
• Transfer of actual HSDPA data
• 5 - 15 code channels
• QPSK or 16QAM modulation
• 2 ms TTIs
• Fixed SF16
•
•
• up
to
15
H S–
PD
SC H
s
SF= 1
SF= 2
SF= 4
SF= 8
SF=16
Example: Allocated for HS-DSCH
allocated for other channels
HS-SCCH
SF16
HS-PDSCH User 1 User 2 User 3 User 4
15 Subframe
2 ms
10
Time
TBS: Transport Block Size
HS-DPCCH
2 173 1 QPSK 0
HS – UE observes
D PC C H
3 233 1 QPSK 0
6 461 1 QPSK 0
HS – ⇒ CQI*
S C CH 7 650 2 QPSK 0
• 8 792 2 QPSK 0
• up t 9 931 2 QPSK 0
• o1
PDSC5 HS – 10 1262 3 QPSK 0
Hs 11 1483 3 QPSK 0
12 1742 3 QPSK 0
13 2279 4 QPSK 0
14 2583 4 QPSK 0
18 4664 5 16-QAM 0
19 5287 5 16-QAM 0
22 7168 5 16-QAM 0
• Link Adaptation decision
• HS-SCCH power adaptation 23 9719 7 16-QAM 0
24 11418 8 16-QAM 0
25 14411 10 16-QAM 0
26 14411 12 16-QAM -1
* UE internal (proprietary) process
27 14411 12 16-QAM -2
29 14411 12 16-QAM -4
CQI value 0: N/A (Out of range)
30 14411 12 16-QAM -5
256
chips
Slot #i
HSUPA Basics
HSUPA Introduction
• Purposes:
– Boost uplink data performances in terms of higher
throughput, reduced delay and higher capacity
– Balance uplink traffic performance with downlink HSDPA
– Mandatory step for VoIP
43 | HSPA Basics
HSUPA Overview
Fast NodeB
1-4 Code TTI = 10 ms Hybrid ARQ
Multi-Code Power Control ControlledS
with incr. redundancy
transmission cheduling
Benefit
Higher Uplink Peak rates: 2.0 Mbps
Higher Capacity: +50-100%
Reduced Latency: ~50-75 ms
HSUPA Key Features
Scheduling
at Node-B
Shorter TTI
HSUPA
10 or 2ms
HARQ
for fast
retransmissions
45 | HSPA Basics
HSUPA Key Feature: H-
ARQ
H-ARQ
For Fast retransmissions
RLC ACK/NACK
Packet
L1 ACK/NACK
• Hybrid-Automatic Repeat Request
– Retransmission with chase combining or
incremental redundancy
– Terminated in Node-B
– Smaller delay
Packet
– Higher BLER target -> smaller Transmit
Power and interference -> Higher
capacity
Retransmission
Retransmission
46 | HSPA Basics
HSUPA Key Feature – Scheduling (1)
Scheduling
L3 Resource
in the Node-B
Allocation
47 | HSPA Basics
HSUPA Key Feature – Scheduling (2)
Scheduling
RoT
in the Node-B
Maximu
m UE 1 UE 3 UE 3
allowable UE 1
– Shared resource is the total Uplink noise
UE 2 UE 2
interference eg Rise over Thermal rise UE 2
Noise, RoT or interference margin
UE 1
– The Node B controls the allocation of UE 1
this margin
• Selects the best Transport Format
Combination (TFC) for a given UE
according to the available
interference margin (left over R’99)
and schedules the UE
TTI 0 TTI 1 TTI 2 TTI 3
Time
DCH services
E-AGCH
E-DCH Absolute Grant Channel
E-RNTI & max. power ratio E-DPDCH/DPCCH (Absolute Grant)
Scheduling
Grants
E-RGCH
E-DCH Relative Grant Channel
UP / HOLD / DOWN (Relative Grant)
E-DPCCH
E-DCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel
L1 control: E-TFCI, RSN, happy bit
UE
E-DPDCH
E-DCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel
Node B User data & CRC
E-HICH
E-DCH Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel
ACK/NACK
• Uplink:
– E-DPDCH: E-DCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel
– E-DPCCH: E-DCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel
• Downlink
– E-AGCH:E-DCH Absolute Grant Channel
– E-RGCH:E-DCH Relative Grant Channel
– E-HICH:E-DCH HARQ Acknowledgement Indicator Channel
51 | HSPA Basics
New Physical Channels
• E-DPDCH
– SF 2 to 256, Uplink, Dedicated channel
– Multicode possible:
• 2xSF4, 2xSF2, 2xSF2+2xSF4
– Information sent on this channel:
• Data
• E-DPCCH
– SF 256, Uplink, Dedicated channel
– Information sent on this channel:
• E-TFCI: E-DCH Transport Format Combination Indicator (ie indicates the transport
block size used on E-DPDCH)
• RSN: Retransmission Sequence Number (informs about the HARQ sequence
number of the transport block sent on E-DPDCH ie 0 if first transmission, 1,2or 3 if
retransmission)
• Happy bit: indicates if the UE is « happy » with current data rate or if a higher
power can be used.
52 | HSPA Basics
HSUPA UE Categories
Mac-e
data rates
53 | HSPA Basics
Summary of HSUPA benefits
54 | HSPA Basics
HSPA mobility
• HSDPA
– Soft handover on associated DCH channels (signalling, UL data)
– Serving cell change for HSDPA data channel
• Connected only to one cell at a time
Node
B
256)
128)
UE
HSPA UE Evolution
5 Mbit/s
Category 5, 6 HSDPA handsets HSUPA handsets
TTI=2 ms
1st generation & PC cards
3.6 Mbit/s 2nd generation
Category 11, 12
HSUPA handsets 1-2 Mbit/s
HSDPA PC cards & PC cards
PS only 1st generation TTI=10 ms
0.9, 1.8 Mbit/s
57 | HSPA Basics
Comparison with R99 DCH and R5 HSDPA
Chan
Channe
58 | HSPA Basics
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