The

Branches
of
Government
PREPARED BY:
JHOAN M. REDOBLADO
 Learning Objectives:
At the end of the topic, the students should
be able to:
 Identify the three branches of the government;

 Discuss the principles of separation of powers

and checks and balances; and

 Discuss the qualifications, compositions, and

terms of offices of the three branches of the

government.
 Structure of the Philippine
Government is divided into three
branches:

Legislative Department

Executive Department

Judicial Department
The Principle of Separation of Powers
Under the principle of co-equal and
coordinate powers among the three
branches, the officers entrusted with each
of these powers confided to the others. If
one power goes beyond the limits set by
the Constitution, its acts are null and void.
The adoption of this principle was
motivated by the belief that arbitrary law
would result if the same person or body
were to exercise all the powers of the
government.
 Principles of Checks and Balances
Checks by the Checks by the Checks by the
President Congress Judiciary
 May veto or  Congress may override  The Supreme Court
the veto of the President as final arbiter may
disapprove bills -2/3 of the actual vote
enacted by the (Sec. 27:1) declare legislative
 Reject certain measures or
Congress (Sec. appointments of the executive acts
27:1) President (Art. VII, Sec. unconstitutional (Art.
 Through 16)
VIII, Sec. 4:2)
 Revoke the proclamation
pardoning power, of the Martial Law or  Determine whether
he may modify or suspension of the writ of or not there have
set aside the habeas corpus by the been a grave abuse
President (Art. VII, Sec. of discretion
judgments of 18)
amounting to lack or
courts (Art. VII,  Amend or revoke the
decision of the Court by excess of
Sec. 19) enactment of a new law jurisdiction on the
or by amendment of the part of the Congress
old law
 The power to impeach the or the President (Art.
President and the VIII, Sec. 2:2)
members of the Supreme
Court
 Qualifications of the Officials of the
National Government
President and Vice-President  Congress  Supreme Court

 Natural born citizen SENATORS

 Natural born citizens of the  He must be a natural
of the Philippines Philippines born citizen of the
 At least 35 years of age on the day of
 A register voter the election Philippines
 Able to read and


Able to read and write
A register voter
 He must have, for
 A resident of the Philippines for at fifteen (15) years or
write least 2 (two) years immediately
more, been a judge of
preceding the election
 At least 40 years of   the lower court or
age on the day of the HOUSE

OF REPRESENTATIVES
Natural born citizens of the engaged in the
election 
Philippines
At least 25 years of age on the day of practice of law in the
 A resident of the 
the election
Able to read and write
Philippines
Philippines for at  Except for a party-list representative,  He must be a person of
a register voter in the district in which
least 10 (ten) years he shall be elected proven competence,
immediately  A resident thereof for a period of not
less than 1 (one) year preceding the
integrity, probity, and
preceding the election independence
 
election ADDITIONAL QUALIFICATION FOR PARTY-
LIST REPRESENTATIVES
 A bona fide member of the party-list
or organization which he seeks to
represent for at least ninety days (90)
preceding the day of the election
 Composition
Executive Legislative Judicial Department
Department Department
President – Chief executive Senate – 24 Supreme Court-
Vice-President Currently the Philippine Composed of 15 members
Cabinet Officials Senate is composed of 1 Chief Justice
____ 14 Associate justices
Senators
 
House of Representatives-
250 members including the
Party-list Representatives
District Representatives-
80%
Party-list Representatives-
20%
Currently there are 300+
members of the House of
Representatives
293- District
Representatives
58- Sectoral
Representatives
 Terms of Office
Executive Legislative Judicial Department
Department Department
President – 1 term Senate – 2 No Term Limit –
of 6 years without consecutive terms but they are
re-election allowed with 6 mandated to hold
  years per term office during good
Vice-President – 2   behavior until they
consecutive terms District and Party- reach the age of
allowed with 6 List 70 or become
years per term Representatives – incapacitated to
3 consecutive discharge the
terms allowed duties of their
with 3 years per office.
term
O References

https://study.com/academy/popular
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slideshare.net/CheldhayeDay/3-
branches-of-the-philippine-
government