Communist

Rebellion in
the
Philippines
▸ the ongoing communist rebellion in the Philippines is a conflict between the
government of the Philippines and the New People’s Army (NPA) which is the
armed wing of the Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Communist Party of the
Philippines (CPP).
▸ the conflict is also associated with the National Democratic Front of the
Philippines (NDFP), which serves as the political wing of the CPP.
▸ It is the world’s longest ongoing communist insurgency, and is the largest,
most prominent communist conflict in the Philippines.
▸ bellion is that of the Marxist-Leninist Party of the Philippines and armed wing,
the Rebolusyonaryong Hukbong Bayan, which broke away from the
Communist Party of the Philippines in 1998, and has since been in conflict
with the government and with the CPP.
 Formation of the Communist Party of the
Philippines
▸ The original Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas-1930
(Communist Party of the Philippines) was established in
1930 by members of the Partido Obrero de Filipinas and the
socialist Party of the Philippines with the help of the
COMINTERN. It would later lead an anti-Japanese
Hukbalahap Rebellion in 1942 with the Hukbo ng Bayan
Laban sa Hapon.
▸ During Worl War II, these communist guerillas fought
against both the Japanese and other guerilla bands.
Formation of the Communist Party of the
Philippines
▸ In the years following, Maoist factions began
organizing mass organizations such as kabataang
Makabayan, Malayang Kilusan ng Kababaihan and
hosting theoretical studies on Marxism-Leninism-
Maoism. They would eventually break off from the
old party and form the Communist Party of the
Philippines/ Marxist-Leninist-Maoist in 1968.
 Founding of the New People’s
Army
▸ On March 29, 1969, Jose Maria Sison’s newly-formed
Communist Party of the Philippines entered an alliance with
a small armed group led by Bernabe Buscayno.
▸ Buscayno, which was originally a unit under the Marxist-
Leninist 1930’s-era Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas (PKP-
1930), was renamed as “New People’s Army” (NPA) and
became the armed wing of the CPP.
▸ The new Maoist leadership drop the reformist ideas that led
the CPP-1930 to collaborate with the government of
Ferdinand Marcos, and enforce Maoist principles, aimed at
creating a socialist state through New Democracy by
launching a people’s war.
 Founding of the New People’s Army
▸ Less than two years later, President Ferdinand Marcos
introduced martial law, leading the radicalization of many
young people and a rapid growth of the CPP-NPA.
▸ in 1992, the NPA split into two factions; the reaffirmist
faction led by Sison and the rejectionist faction which
advocated the formation of larger military units and urbas
surgencies. 13 smaller factions eventually emerged from
the group.
 Formative Years
▸ When Buscayno’s forces became the NPA in
1969, they were reported to have only 60 guerillas
and 35 WWII-era guns.
▸ The NPA tried to follow the Maoist military
doctrine of “establishing stable base areas.”
▸ Eventually the NPA’s stockpile of weaponry
allegedly grew to 60 guns, but all these guns were
lost in an encounter against the Armed Forces of
the Philippines.
 Mythologization by the Marcos
Administration
▸ Even on September 23, 1972, when Martial Law
was announced, the Philippine National Security
Council didn't see the NPA as a big threat. Just a
few days earlier on September 19, 1972, the
council's threat assessment was "between 'normal'
and 'Internal Defense Condition 1'," where the
highest condition "3."
 Mythologization by the Marcos
Administration
▸ Despite the small size of the NPA at the time, the Marcos
administration hyped up its formation, supposedly because
this would help build up political and monetary support from
the US, which was caught up in red scare paranoia at the
time.[31] As a result, as security specialist Richard J.
Kessler notes, the administration "mythologized the group,
investing it with a revolutionary aura that only attracted more
supporters."
 December 1970 PMA Armory Raid
▸ The NPA was finally able to regain weaponry on
December 29, 1970, when Philippine Military
Academy instructor Lt. Victor Corpus defected to the
CPP-NPA and led a raid on the PMA armory.
▸ Corpus, who was PMA's designated officer of the day
(OOD), guided the NPA raiding team which managed to
escape with Browning Automatic Rifles, carbines,
machineguns, and various other weapons and
ammunition.
First Incidents of Violence
▸ According to now retired Brig. General Victor
Corpus, the first act of NPA rebellion took
place on August 21, 1971, when NPA
militants threw two grenades onto the stage at
a Liberal Party rally in Manila, killing nine
people and injuring 95 others.
First Incidents of Violence
▸ José María Sison and the Communist Party of the
Philippines continue to deny responsibility of the
bombing. Relying on small armed community-based
propaganda units, the NPA found itself in an all-out
rebellion by 1972.
▸ The NPA's first tactical operation, however, would not take
place until 1974, two years after Ferdinand
Marcos declared Martial Law. This took place in Calbiga,
Samar, where the NPA ambushed an Army scout patrol and
seized a number of their weapons.
 Rapid Growth Under the Marcos
Martial Law Era
▸ The Communist Party of the Philippines underwent rapid
growth from 1972 during the period of martial law under
Ferdinand Marcos.
▸ The social unrest of 1969 to 1970, and the violent dispersal
of the resulting "First Quarter Storm" protests were among
the early watershed events in which large numbers of
Filipino students of the 1970s were radicalized against the
Marcos administration.
 Rapid Growth Under the Marcos
Martial Law Era
▸ Other watershed events that would later radicalize many
otherwise "moderate" opposition members include the
February 1971 Diliman Commune; the August 1971
suspension of the writ of habeas corpus in the wake of
the Plaza Miranda bombing; the September
1972 declaration of Martial Law; the 1980 murder of
Macli-ing Dulag; and the August 1983 assassination of
Ninoy Aquino.
▸ This radicalization led to a significant growth of the CPP and of
the New People's Army under the Marcos
administration. Writer and peace advocate Gus Miclat cites the
example of Mindanao: "There was not one NPA cadre in
Mindanao in 1972. Yes, there were activists, there were some
firebrands... but there were no armed rebels then except for
those that eventually formed the Moro National Liberation
Front. When Marcos fled in 1986, the NPA was virtually in all
Mindanao provinces, enjoying even a tacit alliance with the
MNLF."
▸ The parallel Moro insurgency created favorable
conditions for the development of NPA. During
the 1970s, 75% of the Philippine military was
deployed on the island of Mindanao, a Moro
stronghold, despite the 1976 peace deal between
the government and MILF. As of 2000, 40% of
the AFP troops continued to engage Moro rebels
 Support to the NPA From Other
Countries
▸ China provided support to the NPA from 1969
to 1976. After that period, the Chinese ceased
all aid, resulting in a five-year period of
reduced activity.
▸ Despite the setback, the rebellion rekindled
with funds from revolutionary
taxes, extortion and large scale foreign
support campaigns.
▸ Besides extortion, the NPA has also
conducted kidnappings of Filipino civilians and foreign
businessman as a source of funding.
▸ Both the CPP and NPA attempted to garner support from
the Workers' Party of Korea, the Maoist factions of
the Palestinian Liberation Organization, Japanese Red
Army, Sandinista National Liberation Front, Communist
Party of El Salvador, Communist Party of Peru, and
the Algerian military.
▸ Financial aid, training, and other forms of support were
received from a number of the above. NDF-controlled
trading companies were allegedly set up in Hong
Kong, Belgium, and Yugoslavia.
▸ At the same time the Communist Party of the
Philippines formed a unit in the Netherlands and sent
representatives
to Germany, France, Italy, Greece, Ireland, United
States, Sweden, and various parts of the Middle East.
Incidents
During
Corazon
Aquino
Administratio
n
1996-1992
 Incidents During the Corazon
Aquino Administration
▸ After Ferdinand Marcos was deposed during the 1986
EDSA Revolution, president Corazon Aquino ordered the
release of political prisoners, including Jose Maria Sison
and Bernabe Buscayno.
▸  Buscayno ceased activities related to the CPP-NPA while
Sison eventually went into self-exile in the Netherlands,
ostensibly to become chief political consultant to the NDF.
▸  Many activists who had joined the underground movement
against Marcos chose to resurface.
▸ Preliminary peace talks were held between
the new administration and the CPP–NPA–
NDF, but these ended when the Mendiola
massacre took place on January 22, 1987
Incidents
During the
Ramos and
Estrada
Administratio
n
1992-2001
▸ Between the 1970s and 1980s, thousands of volunteers,
including youth and teenagers from both urban and rural areas,
joined the organization.
▸ In 1992, NPA split into two factions: the reaffirmist faction
led by Sison and the rejectionist faction which advocated the
formation of larger military units and urban insurgencies.
▸ Through NPA's history, 13 smaller factions emerged from the
group, the most notable being MLPP-RHB, APP, RPA-
M, RPM/P-RPA-ABB and CPLA.
▸ This split resulted in a weakening of the CPP-
NPA, but it gradually grew again after the
breakdown of peace talks in 1998, the
unpopularity of the Estrada administration, and
because of social pressures arising from
the Asian Financial Crisis that year.
Repeal of the 1957 Anti-Subversion
Act
▸ A breakthrough in the peace process between
the Government of the Philippines and the
Communist Party of the Philippines took place
on October 11, 1992, when Republic Act (RA)
1700 – the 1957 Anti-Subversion Act – was
repealed by RA 7636 and the government
declared a policy of amnesty and reconciliation.
▸ This was quickly followed by the Hague Joint
Declaration of September 1, 1992, in which the
Government of the Philippines and the
Communist Party of the Philippines (through
the National Democratic Front) agreed to work
towards formal negotiations and "a just and
lasting peace."
1995 JASIG and 1998 CARHRIHL
Agreements
▸ In 1995, negotiations led to the signing of the
Joint Agreement on Safety and Immunity
Guarantees (JASIG), under which negotiators
on either side of the conflict were assured of
"free and safe movement—without fear of
search, surveillance, or arrest."
▸ In 1998, another agreement, the
Comprehensive Agreement to Respect
Human Rights and International
Humanitarian Law (CARHRIHL) was signed
in an effort to protect civilians from the
violence between the two parties
 Resurgence of Conflict Under the
Estrada Administration
▸ The peace talks broke down soon after the
1998 agreement, however, and conflict
between the two parties resumed at high
levels after Joseph Estrada assumed the
presidency later that year.
▸ In March 2001, a few months after Estrada was ousted
by the "EDSA II" Revolution, National Security
Advisor Roilo Golez noted that the number of
"barangays influenced by" the CPP-NPA grew from
772 barangays 1,279 under the Estrada administration,
which Golez added was "quite a big jump." 
▸ In July 2001, officials of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines noted that the NPA grew in strength "at an
average of three to five percent yearly" since 1998.
Incidents
During the
Arroyo
Administratio
n
▸ In 2001, the AFP launched a campaign of
selective extrajudicial killings, in an attempt to
suppress NPA activity. By targeting suspected
rebel sympathizers, the campaign aimed to
destroy the communist political infrastructure.
The program was modeled after the Phoenix
Program, a U.S. project implemented during
the Vietnam War.
▸ According to Dr William Norman Holden, University of
Calgary, security forces carried out a total of 1,335
extrajudicial killings between January 2001 – October 2012.
▸ On August 9, 2002, NPA was designated a Foreign Terrorist
Organization (FTO) by the United States Department of
State. A parallel increase in counter-insurgency operations
negatively affected the course of the rebellion.
▸ Netherlands-based Jose Maria Sison is currently
the leader of CPP's eight member politburo and
26 member central committee—the party's
highest ruling bodies. Despite the existence of
the politburo, NPA's local units receive a high
level of autonomy due to difficulties in
communication between each of the fronts
across the country.
▸ NPA also formed a limited tactical alliance with
the Moro National Liberation Front and
the Moro Islamic Liberation Front on the island
of Mindanao, enabling the mutual transfer of
troops through each other's territory.Between
1969 and 2008, more than 43,000 insurgency-
related fatalities were recorded.
Recent incidents 2010 and afterward
▸ In the State of the Nation Address by
President Rodrigo Duterte which happened in
July 2016, Duterte declared a unilateral
ceasefire to the leftist rebels.
▸ Due to this declaration, the peace talks between
the government and the NDF resumed in
August 2016. The peace talks were carried out
in Oslo, Norway.
▸ In February 2017, the CPP–NPA–NDF
declared that it would withdraw from the
ceasefire, effective on February 10, 2017, due
to the unfulfilled promise by the government
that it would release all 392 political
prisoners.
▸ However, the communists attacked and killed
three soldiers before the withdrawal, which
angered the government and made them
declare a withdrawal from the ceasefire also.
▸ The peace talks were informally terminated
and an all-out war was declared by the AFP
after the withdrawal.
▸ In March 2017, the government announced a new truce and
the resumption of peace talks, to take place in April. The
fifth round was planned to take place in June.
▸ However, on December 5, 2017, President Rodrigo
Duterte declared the CPP and NPA as terrorist organizations
after several attacks by the NPA against the government.
The NDFP, the political wing of the communist rebellion
was not included on the proclamation.
▸ In order to centralize all government efforts for the
reintegration of former communist rebels, President
Duterte signed Administrative Order No. 10 on April
3, 2018, creating the Task Force Balik Loob which was
placed in charge in centralizing the Enhanced
Comprehensive Local Integration Program (E-CLIP)
of the Department of the Interior and Local Government
(DILG), and the Payapa at Masaganang
Pamayanan (PAMANA) program of the Office of the
Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process (OPAPP)
▸ As of December 30, 2019, the Task Force
reported over 10,000 former CPP-NPA rebels
and supporters who have returned to the fold
of the law and availed of E-CLIP benefits,
which include PHP65,000.00 cash assistance,
livelihood training, housing benefits, among
others.
▸ On December 4, 2018, President Rodrigo Duterte
signed Executive Order No. 70, which institutionalized
a "whole-of-nation approach" in attaining an "inclusive
and sustainable peace" to help end the decades-long
communist insurgency, while also forming the
National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed
Conflict (NTF-ELCAC) which was directed to ensure
the efficient and effective implementation of the
approach.
▸ This order further intensified the Philippine
government's campaign against the insurgency,
with the Armed Forces of the Philippines
reporting 11,605 rebels and supporters
surrendering to the government, with 120 rebels
being killed and 196 more arrested in military
operations from January 1 – December 26, 2018
Hello!
I am Jayden Smith
I am here because I love to
give presentations.
You can find me at
@username
“ Quotations are commonly
printed as a means of
inspiration and to invoke
philosophical thoughts from
the reader.
 Big
concept
Bring the attention of your
audience over a key
concept using icons or
illustrations
You can also split your content
White Black
Is the color of milk and Is the color of ebony and of
fresh snow, the color outer space. It has been the
produced by the symbolic color of elegance,
combination of all the solemnity and authority.
colors of the visible
spectrum.
In two or three columns
Yellow Blue Red
Is the color of gold, Is the colour of the Is the color of
butter and ripe clear sky and the blood, and because
lemons. In the deep sea. It is of this it has
spectrum of visible located between historically been
light, yellow is violet and green on associated with
found between the optical sacrifice, danger
green and orange. spectrum. and courage.
A picture is worth a
thousand words
A complex idea can be
conveyed with just a single
still image, namely making it
possible to absorb large
amounts of data quickly.
Want big impact?
Use big image.
Use diagrams to explain your ideas

Lorem Ipsum

Lorem Ipsum Lorem Ipsum

Lorem Ipsum Lorem Ipsum Lorem Ipsum Lorem Ipsum

And tables to compare data

A B C

Yellow 10 20 7

Blue 30 15 10

Orange 5 24 16
 Maps

our
office

Find more maps at slidescarnival.com/extra-free-resources-icons-and-maps

89,526,124
Whoa! That’s a big number, aren’t you proud?
89,526,124$
That’s a lot of money

185,244 users
And a lot of users

100%
Total success!
 Our process is easy
Vestibulum congue
tempus
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do
eiusmod tempor. Donec facilisis
lacus eget mauris.
Vestibulum congue
tempus
1 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do
eiusmod tempor. Donec facilisis
lacus eget mauris.
2
Vestibulum congue
tempus
3 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do
eiusmod tempor. Donec facilisis
lacus eget mauris.
Let’s review some concepts
Yellow
Is the color of gold, butter and
ripe lemons. In the spectrum of
visible light, yellow is found
between green and orange.
Yellow
Is the color of gold, butter and
ripe lemons. In the spectrum of
visible light, yellow is found
between green and orange.
Blue
Is the colour of the clear sky
and the deep sea. It is located
between violet and green on
the optical spectrum.
Blue
Is the colour of the clear sky
and the deep sea. It is located
between violet and green on
the optical spectrum.
Red
Is the color of blood, and
because of this it has
historically been associated
with sacrifice, danger and
courage.
Red
Is the color of blood, and
because of this it has
historically been associated
with sacrifice, danger and
courage.
 4000

3000

2000

1000

You can insert graphs from Excel or Google Sheets

Mobile project
Show and explain your web,
app or software projects
using these gadget templates.
Tablet project
Show and explain your web,
app or software projects
using these gadget templates.
Desktop project
Show and explain
your web, app or
software projects
using these gadget
templates.
Thanks!
Any questions?
You can find me at:
▸ @username
▸ user@mail.me
Credits
Special thanks to all the people who made and
released these awesome resources for free:
▸ Presentation template by SlidesCarnival
▸ Photographs by Unsplash
Presentation design
This presentation uses the following typographies:
▸ Titles: Oswald
▸ Body copy: News Cycle
Download for free at:
https://www.fontsquirrel.com/fonts/news-cycle
https://www.fontsquirrel.com/fonts/oswald

You don’t need to keep this slide in your presentation. It’s only here to serve you as a design guide if you need to create
new slides or download the fonts to edit the presentation in PowerPoint®
2.
Extra
Resources
For Business Plans, Marketing
Plans, Project Proposals, Lessons,
etc
Timeline

Blue is the colour of Black is the color of Yellow is the color of Blue is the colour of
the clear sky and the Red is the colour of ebony and of outer gold, butter and ripe White is the color of the clear sky and the
deep sea danger and courage space lemons milk and fresh snow deep sea

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

Yellow is the color of White is the color of Blue is the colour of Red is the colour of Black is the color of Yellow is the
gold, butter and ripe milk and fresh snow the clear sky and the danger and courage ebony and of outer color of gold,
lemons deep sea space butter and ripe
lemons
Roadmap
Blue is the colour of the Black is the color of
clear sky and the deep Red is the colour of ebony and of outer
sea danger and courage space

1 3 5

2 4 6

Yellow is the color of White is the color of Blue is the colour of the
gold, butter and ripe milk and fresh snow clear sky and the deep
lemons sea
Gantt chart
Week 1 Week 2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Task 1

Task 2 ◆

Task 3

Task 4 ◆

Task 5 ◆

Task 6

Task 7

Task 8
SWOT Analysis
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
Blue is the colour of the Yellow is the color of
clear sky and the deep sea gold, butter and ripe
lemons

Black is the color of ebony White is the color of milk

and of outer space and fresh snow
OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
Business Model Canvas

Key Partners Key Activities Value Propositions Customer Relationships Customer Segments
Insert your content Insert your content Insert your content Insert your content Insert your content

Key Resources Channels

Insert your content Insert your content

Cost Structure Revenue Streams

Insert your content Insert your content
Funnel

AWARENESS Insert your content

DISCOVERY Insert your content

EVALUATION Insert your content

INTENT Insert your content

PURCHASE Insert your content

LOYALTY Insert your content

Team Presentation

Imani Jackson Marcos Galán Ixchel Valdía Nils Årud

JOB TITLE JOB TITLE JOB TITLE JOB TITLE
Blue is the colour of the clear Blue is the colour of the clear Blue is the colour of the clear Blue is the colour of the clear
sky and the deep sea sky and the deep sea sky and the deep sea sky and the deep sea
 Competitor Matrix
HIGH VALUE 2

Competito
r
Comp
etitor
Our company

Competitor

HIGH VALUE 1
LOW VALUE 1

Competito
r

Competito
Competitor
r

LOW VALUE 2
Weekly Planner
SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY

09:00 - 09:45 Task Task Task Task Task Task Task

10:00 - 10:45 Task Task Task Task Task Task Task

11:00 - 11:45 Task Task Task Task Task Task Task

12:00 - 13:15 ✔ Free time ✔ Free time ✔ Free time ✔ Free time ✔ Free time ✔ Free time ✔ Free time

13:30 - 14:15 Task Task Task Task Task Task Task

14:30 - 15:15 Task Task Task Task Task Task Task

15:30 - 16:15 Task Task Task Task Task Task Task

SlidesCarnival icons are editable
shapes.

This means that you can:

▸ Resize them without losing
quality.
▸ Change fill color and opacity.
▸ Change line color, width and style.
Isn’t that nice? :)

Examples:

Find more icons at

slidescarnival.com/extra-free-resources
-icons-and-maps
Diagrams and infographics
You can also use any emoji as an icon!
And of course it resizes without losing quality.
How? Follow Google instructions
https://twitter.com/googledocs/status/730087240156643328

✋👆👉👍👤👦👧👨👩👪💃🏃💑❤😂😉
😋😒😭😸💣
👶😸 🐟🍒🍔💣 📌📖🔨🎃🎈🎨🏈
🏰🌏🔌🔑 and many more...
 Free templates for all your presentation needs

For PowerPoint and 100% free for personal or Ready to use, professional Blow your audience away
Google Slides commercial use and customizable with attractive visuals