TEXT

Multimedia
Definition:
 Text (journal), an academic journal of language, discourse,
and communication studies
 Text (literary theory), any object that can be "read",
including literature and other objects
 Textbook, a manual of instruction in any branch of study
 Religious text, writings which various religious traditions
consider to be sacred
 Written text, communication that represents language
through the inscription of signs and symbols
Computers and electronics definition:
 Text display, an electronic alphanumeric display device
 Text file, a type of computer files
 Text messaging, the sending of short messages by mobile phone
 Text mode, a kind of computer display mode based on
characters
 Text segment, another name for the code segment of a binary
executable computer file
 Plain text, the contents of an ordinary sequential file readable as
textual material
FONT and TYPEFACE
FONTS
 The term 'Font' was originally used to identify the design
elements in a typeface e.g. bold, underlined, or italic.
 Bold type can add an emphasis or strength to a font.
 Underlined type is an effective way of emphasizing the
title of a document. It can also be used to call attention to
an important section of text.
 Italic type can also emphasize an important word or
passage of text, but it tends to be used in a more informal
context. Italic fonts have an animated style and are often
selected for designs where there is a need to convey the
illusion of speed and energy.
TYPEFACES
 The term 'Typeface' was originally used to identify a
family of fonts.
 'Century' is a typeface. The fonts above are all members of
the 'Century' family. Their height is measured in points -
the standard unit for printed text. There are about 72
points to one inch.
 Although the above fonts are all the same height, note
how their breadth varies according to their style. Some
fonts are more suited to fitting into a confined area of a
design, while others like to spread themselves out.
SERIF vs SANS-SERIF
 There are two main font types: serif and sans-
serif.
 Serifs are the extended corners at the ends of a
letter and like all good design, they evolved
naturally. They originated in the stone-carved
letters of the Ancient Romans. Not only did
serifs look more elegant but they were also
very practical as they formed a natural channel
for water or rain to flow away as it cleaned
dust from the corners.
 Seriffonts are the most legible and are
commonly used for large blocks of text. Their
wide horizontal baseline emphasizes the line of
text for the eye and makes reading more
comfortable.

 Sans-serif fontsare simply fonts without serifs

('sans' means 'without' in French). They are
also sometimes called Gothic fonts.
 Font Purpose Example
Serif Readability:
(also referred to as The serifs carry reader’s Times New Roman
body) eyes between letters as
they read the text.
M
Sans Serif Attention getting:
(also referred to as The size and shape of the
Arial
title or heading) font suggest importance

M
and draw a reader’s eye
to that text
Font Anatomy
 Baseline - invisible line on which characters sit

 Meanline - falls at the top of many lowercase letters such

as "e," "g" and "y." It is also at the curve of letters like "h."
 Cap height - distance from the baseline to the top of
uppercase letters

 X-Height - distance between the meanline and the

baseline

 Arm/leg/ bar – An upper or lower (horizontal or

diagonal) stroke that is attached on one end and free on
the other.
 Ascender – The part of a lowercase character (b, d, f, h, k,
l, t) that extends above the x-height.

 Bowl – A curved stroke which creates an enclosed space

within a character (the space is then called a counter).
 Counter – The partially or fully enclosed space within a
character.

 Crossbar - The (usually) horizontal stroke across the

middle of uppercase ‘A’ and ‘H’ is a crossbar.
 Descender – The part of a character (g, j, p, q, y, and
sometimes J) that descends below the baseline.

 Diagonal Stroke – An angled stroke.

 Ear – The small stroke that projects from the top of the
lowercase g.

 Finial – a tapered or curved end.

 Ligature – Two or more letters are joined together to form
on glyph.

 Link – The stroke that connects the top and bottom part
(bowl and loop) of a two–story lowercase g.
 Aperture – Opening at the end of an open counter.

 Hairline – the thin strokes o a serif typeface.

 Loop – The lower portion of the lowercase g.

 Lowercase – Smaller form of letters in a typeface.

 Shoulder – The curved stroke originating from a stem.

 Stem – A straight vertical stroke (or the main straight

diagonal stroke in a letter which has no verticals).
 Tail – Descending stroke, often decorative. The descender
of a Q or short diagonal stroke of an R.

 Terminal – The end of a stroke not terminated with a serif.

 Small caps – Uppercase characters that appear as a smaller
size than the capital height of a typeface.

 Spine – main curved stroke for a capital and lowercase s.

 Spur – small projection from a curved stroke.

 Uppercase – a letter or group of letters of the size and

form generally used to begin sentences and proper nouns.
 Serif – The projections extending off the main strokes of
the characters of serif typefaces. Serifs come in two styles:
bracketed and unbracketed. Brackets are the supportive
curves which connect the serif to the stroke. Unbracketed
serifs are attached sharply, and usually at 90 degree
angles.
-“feet”or non-structural details at the ends of
some strokes.
Glyph
 An elemental symbol within an agreed set of symbols,
intended to represent a readable character for the purpose
of writing and thereby expressing thoughts, ideas and
concepts.
 The specific shape, design, or representation of a
character.
 Particular graphical representation, in a particular
typeface, of an element of written language.