Lebanese University - Faculty of Engineering - Branch III

LECTURE

6
Hydraulics

Hydraulic Motors
Dr. Daoud Baalbaki
Semester VI - Spring 2015
 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Lecture Objectives
 Differentiate between a hydraulic motor and a hydraulic
pump.
 List various applications of hydraulic motor in fluid power.
 Discuss various classifications of hydraulic motor.
 Explain the construction and working of gear, vane and
piston
motors.
 Discuss the various types of limited-rotation motors.
 Explain various types of efficiency terms used in hydraulic
motors.
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 Evaluate the performance parameters of systems using

motors.
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 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Intoduction

A hydraulic motor is a device which converts fluid

power into rotary power or converts fluid pressure into
torque.

 A hydraulic motor is not simply hydraulic pump when run

backward.

A design that is completely acceptable as a motor may

operate very poorly as a pump in a certain applications.
Dr. D Baalbaki

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 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Pump Vs. Motor

Hydraulic Motor Hydraulic Pump
It delivers torque at a given pressure. It delivers flow at a given pressure.
The main concern is on volumetric
The main concern is the torque that efficiency and flow.
can be transmitted.
Motors usually operate over a wide Pumps usually operate at high RPM.
range of speed, from a low RPM to
high RPM.
Most motors are designed for In most situations, pumps usually
bidirectional applications such as operate in one direction.
braking loads, rotary tables.
Motors may be idle for long time Pumps usually operate continuously.
(as in index table).
Motors are subjected to high side Usually pumps are pad mounted on
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loads (from gears, chains, belt-driven power pack top and shaft is
pulleys). connected to the prime mover
directly
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 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Application
• Hydraulic motors are rotary actuators. However, the name
rotary actuator is reserved for a particular type of unit that
is limited in rotation to less than 360 Deg.

• The applications of hydraulic motors in their various

combinations with pumping units are termed hydrostatic
transmission.

• A hydrostatic transmission converts mechanical power

into fluid power and then reconverts fluid power into shaft
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power.

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 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Limited Rotation Hydraulic motor (Rotary Actuator)

• Provides a rotary output motion over a finite angle
less than 360.
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 Computational Fluid Dynamics
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 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Analysis
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 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Suggested applications
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 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Classification of Hydraulic Motors

Hydraulic motors can rotate continuously.
Hydraulic motors can be classified as follows:

 Gear motors.
 Vane motors.
 Piston motors:
 Axial piston-type motors.
 Radial piston-type motors.
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 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Gear Pump
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 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Gear Motors
• Most of the gear motors are bidirectional. Reversing the
direction of flow can reverse the direction of rotation.
• As in the case of gear pumps, volumetric displacement is fixed.
• Due to the high pressure at the inlet and low pressure at the outlet, a
large side load on the shaft and bearings is produced.
• Gear motors are normally limited to 150 bar operating pressures
and 2500 RPM operating speed.
• They are available with a maximum flow capacity of 600 LPM.
• The gear motors are simple in construction and have good dirt
tolerance, but their efficiencies are lower than those of vane or
piston pumps and they leak more.
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 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Vane motor

Unbalanced vane motor

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 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Balanced Vane motor

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 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Piston Motors

• Piston motors are classified into the following

types:

1. According to the piston of the cylinder block:

 Axial piston motors.
 Radial piston motors.

2. According to the basis of displacement:

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 Fixed-displacement piston motors.

 Variable-displacement piston motors.
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 Computational Fluid Dynamics

In line piston cylinder

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 Computational Fluid Dynamics

In line piston cylinder

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 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Variable Displacement Piston motor

Speed and torque depend on the angle between the cylinder block and
driven shaft.

The larger the angle, the greater the displacement and torque but the
smaller the speed
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 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Bent axis piston motor

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 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Bent Axis piston Pump

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 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Performance of Hydraulic Motors

• Gear motors typically have an overall efficiency of 70–75%
• Vane motors which have 75–85%
• Piston motors having 85–95%.

Motor torque is divided into three separate groups:

1. Starting torque: the turning force the motor exerts from a dead
stop.
2. Running torque: Running torque is exerted when the motor is
running and changes whenever there is a change in fluid
pressure.
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3. Stalling torque: necessary to stop the motor

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 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Efficiencies
Volumetric efficiency: The motor uses more flow than
the theoretical due to leakage:

Mechanical efficiency: The output torque of a hydraulic

motor is less than theoretical torque due to mechanical
friction between the mating parts:
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 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Over all Efficiency

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 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Example

Examples
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