REWA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, REWA (M.P.

WHEEL OPERATED SPRAYER

Submitted for the partial fulfillment
of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Presented by Guided by
Anku Vishwakarma 0301ME181016 Dr. Abhay Agarwal
Akash Shukla 0301ME181008
Abhishek Kumar Kanojia 0301ME181003
Satyam Kushwaha 0301ME181048
Keshav 0301ME181028
Pankaj Badge 0301ME181030
Ritik Hedau 0301ME181042
Saurabh 0301ME181050

Mechanical Engineering 1
 Contents
✔ Introduction
✔ Literature Review
✔ Objectives
✔ Methodology
✔ Diagram or Working Pictures
✔ Mechanism
✔ Parts of The Project
✔ Data Collection / Data Analysis
✔ Findings and Results
✔ Cost Estimation Table
✔ Applications
✔ Conclusion
✔ Future Scope
✔ References
WHEEL OPERATED SPRAYER 2 2
 1. Introduction
India is a land of agriculture which comprises of small, marginal, medium and rich farmers. Small scale farmers are
very interested in manually lever operated knapsack sprayer because of its versatility, cost and design. But this sprayer
has certain limitations like it cannot maintain required pressure; it leads to problem of back pain. However, this
equipment can also lead to misapplication of chemicals and ineffective control of target pest which leads to loss of
pesticides due to dribbling or drift during application. This phenomenon not only adds to cost of production but also
cause environmental pollution and imbalance in natural echo system. This project suggests a model of manually operated
wheel sprayer pump which will perform spraying at maximum rate in minimum time. Now day’s scarcity of labour is
creating problem during agricultural operation because in agriculture more labour is required. Pests and weed problems,
in crop production are serious both in rain fed and irrigated farms in Madhya Pradesh. Farmers are forced to spray
insecticides, pesticides and herbicides frequently using manually operated machines, This becomes time consuming poor
in application uniformity, laborious, costly and human fatigue is major concern, these problems can be overcome by
using manually wheel operated sprayer The objectives of this project saw to manufacture and evaluate wheel operated
sprayer. The sprayer was tested both in laboratory and field for the uniformity of application, discharge rate, field
capacity and field efficiency and had achieved an application rate of 639.09 l/ha, with coefficient of variation (CV %) of
2.50% among the nozzles discharge rate, effective field capacity of 0.075 ha/hr., theoretical field capacity of 0.126 ha/hr.
and field efficiency of 56%. Based on the performance result the newly developed sprayer can cover one hectare of land
within about an hour with a better spray uniformity

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 2. Literature review
Sr. Author Title Source Findings/Remark
No.
1 R.Panchamoorthy,R.Velappan, “Design And Fabrication Of Spraying Fluid By Journal It reduces the fatigue of operator
P.Balashanmugam Wheel Pump” and not required electricity

2 Akhilesh K.Bhatkar,P.B.Khope,P.S “Design And Working Of Adjustable Manually Journal It increases the efficiency of
Chaudhari Push Operated Pesticide Spraying Machine” operator, and it has less air pollution

3 S.V.Deshpande,Damre “Agricultural Reciprocating Multi Sprayer” Journal We use slider crank mechanism to
Mayur,Diwanale Swapnil convert rotary motion into
reciprocating motion to operate the
pump

4 Abhishek Bhashkar,subhash “Design And Fabrication Of Multi Nozzle Journal Imported hollow cone nozzle
Tiwari ,Prasant Vajpayee Wheel Spray Pump” should be used for batter
performance

5 Sumit D.Raut,Kalesh “Fabrication Of Pedal Operated Reciprocating Journal Easy to carry due to use of wheel
R.Banarse,Roshan R.More Sprayer For Agricultural Use”

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 3. Objectives
• Aim of this project is that the farmer need not carry the entire pesticide sprayer pump on his
shoulders but just pull/push the mechanism mounted on the trolley to operate the pump and spray the
pests. This makes the farmer feel comfortable, relaxed and less tiresome.

• To reduce human efforts due to the constant pumping action for creating pressure inside the pesticide
sprayer and thereby provide a suitable environment for the user reducing the fatigue load acting on the
body. As discussed previously, the farmer has to continuously keep on pumping using one of his hands
and spray the pests on the crops using the other hand. This at a long run is a tiresome and cumbersome
job and the farmer slowly loses interest from it.

• This project focuses on the problem of health-related issues of the farmer (operator). Majority of
them don’t use any precautions like face-masks and hand-gloves against the hazardous chemicals and
work in direct contact with it. Consequently, this harms the farmer as the spray in the conventional
method directly hits the face. Multi-nozzle is used, and hence larger area of field can be sprayed at
faster rate.

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 4. Methodology
• Sprayer work on principle of reciprocating pump. This reciprocating pump uses single slider crank
mechanism, in which wheel sprocket works as crank. There are two sprockets which is mounted on two
different axles in which one sprocket is directly attached to wheel axle. Connecting rod is attached to
another sprocket axle through disc. In this power is given to piston of reciprocating pump through rotation
of wheel.

• When piston reach at top dead centre, it creates negative or low pressure inside the cylinder due to pressure
difference between reservoir and cylinder space, water moves to fill the cylinder chamber space. In this the
pressure difference between cylinder & delivery pipe. process suction valve open and delivery valve close.

• When piston reaches at bottom dead centre, it creates high pressure inside the cylinder chamber & due to
Water moves through discharge pipe to sprinkle. In this process suction valve closed and delivery valve
open. This process repeats again and again to get desire output.

• Motion transmission by chain and sprockets arrangement.

• Slider cranks mechanism.
• Rotary motion converted into reciprocating motion.

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 5.Diagram Or Working Photos

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 6. Mechanism

A single slider crank chain is a modification of the basic four bar

chain. It consist of one sliding pair and three turning pairs. It is, usually,
found in reciprocating steam engine mechanism. This type
of mechanism converts rotary motion into reciprocating motion and
vice versa

The assembly of a piston, cylinder, connecting-rod

and crankshaft is the classic form of the slider-crank mechanism.
In general, a slider crank transmits motion generated by the linear
displacement of the piston by a working fluid to rotational motion
of a shaft.

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 7. Parts of the project
WHEEL

A circular object that revolves on an axle and is fixed below a vehicle or

other object to enable it to move easily over the ground.

SPROCKET
A sprocket is a wheel with teeth around the outer edge that fit into
the holes in a chain or a length of film or tape in order to moved it round.

CHAIN
A bicycle chain is a roller chain that transfers power from the pedals to the
drive-wheel of a bicycle, thus propelling it. Most bicycle chains are made from plain
carbon or alloy steel, but some are nickel-plated to prevent rust, or simply for
aesthetics.

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 Parts Of Project
BEARING
The roller contact consist of four-part inner, and outer faces a rolling element like
ball, roller or needle and cage with hold the rolling element together and space them
evenly around periphery .

KNAPSACK SPRAYER

The commonly used manually operated knapsack sprayer will have one hydraulic

pump working inside the container. The plunger works inside the replacement well
attached at the bottom of the container, for easier maintenance.

NOZZLE

A nozzle is a device designed to control the direction or characteristics of a fluid flow

as it exits an enclosed chamber or pipe. A nozzle is often a pipe or tube of varying cross-
sectional area, and it can be used to direct or modify the flow of a fluid

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 Parts Of Project
Sprayer boom’s pipe
The boom is made of steel square pipe whose length is 90 cm, outside length
is 30 mm and inside diameter is 28 mm. That means, distances between nozzles to nozzle
is maintained by 30 cm. It has three pieces, each of them 15 cm long, which are
connected with nozzle holders. Both sides of each pipe are taper with a ring.

Design and development of the frame for holding the sprayer boom
A frame is made of MS bar. It is 100 cm long. This frame is fixed at the front of
the implement main frame A holder is made on the bar rod is adjustable to distanced of
nozzle to cover the crop as a required.

Design and development of a frame for fixing the tank

A frame is made of MS flat bar (2 cm x 0.3 cm) for fixing the tank with the
main frame at the rear side. It is made to make a provision to set tank at the frame .The
tank will be attached at the rear of the main frame to support the front and back of the
tank during Spraying row vegetable crops.

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 8. Data collection / Data analysis
S.No Particular
1 Name of implement wheel operated sprayer
2 Type of sprayer Manually operated wheel operated
3 Manufacturing’s Address REWA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, REWA (MP)
4 Crop for Which suitable. Chickpea, mustard, wheat, safflower.
5 Overall dimension in mm. Length:
Width: Height: 1677
900
1394

6 Weight in kg. 30kg

7 Dimension of sprayer tank in, mm: Length:
Width: 182
Height: 369
431

8 Weight of applicator with and without clean water of full tank

Capacity without a Discharge line With water, kg.
Without water, kg. 19
3

9 Detail of handle Construction:

Height of handle from ground level, cm Details of adjustment: Adjustment
0-66.8 to 0-96.8
Adjustment through nut and bolt

10 Details of shank/ tool holder, cm Material:

Dimension: Section- Length- Mild steel Rectangle 15
Mounting details: Angular hole, nut and bolt

11 Tank capacity: l 16 L
12 Dimension of pump plunger, piston, or 30*4
diaphragm, cm
13 Diameter of cylinder, mm 40
14 Length of stroke, mm 58
15 Mesh of strainer on pump inlet 1
16 Type of nozzle as standard accessory Fan type
17 Ground clearance 36.4(ground surface to main frame)
18 Details of transporting system Mono wheel as well as ground wheel
19 Safety aspects No required

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 9. Findings and results
Sr. No Parameters Single Nozzle Sprayer Multi Nozzle Sprayer

1 Nozzle 1 6

2 Covered Area 3ft 6ft

3 Time 3hr\acre 1hr\acre

4 To Operate Difficult Easy

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 10. Cost estimation table
S.No Name Of Equipment Cost Rs.
1 Wheel 1000
2 Iron Frame 2000

3 Sprayer Booms Pipe 500

4 Nozzle 100

5 Knapsack Sprayer 2500

6 Chain And Freewheel 1000

7 Bearing And Basher 200

8 Welding Work And Finishing 500

9 Paint And Powder Coating 300

Total 8100 \-

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 11. Applications
• Its major use in agriculture to spray fertilizer.
• In city and urban area, it can use for spraying water on lawn.
• It may be exercise device at morning during utilize in lawn.
• Use from spray chemical Pesticide in plants in farm.
• It is use for spray painting in industry.
• It is use for spray water in garden on the plants.
• It is use for transfer water from one place to its nearer place.
• For the insecticides application to control insect pests on crops and in stores, houses, kitchen,
poultry farms, barns, etc.
• For the fungicides and bactericides application to control the plant diseases.
• For the herbicide’s application, to kill the weeds.
• For the harmony sprays application to increase the fruit set or to prevent the premature dropping
of fruits.
• For the application of plant nutrients as foliar spray.
• For applying the powdery formulation of poisonous chemicals on the crops and for any other
purposes.

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 12. Conclusion
• The suggested model has removed the problem of back pain, since there is no need to carry the tank on the
backbone and solder.
• More no. of nozzle which cover maximum area of spray in minimum time at maximum rate.
• Proper adjustment facility in the model with respect to crop helps to avoid excessive use of pesticides which
result into less pollution.
• Imported hollow cone nozzle should be used in the field for the better performance.
• Muscular problem is removed and there is no need to operate lever.
• This alone pump can use for multiple crops.
• After having a trial, we have found that one finds it easy to operate push type machine.
• The pump can deliver the liquid at sufficient pressure where output of the nozzle in1min is 0.3 and spray width
0.4m from calculation so that it reaches all the foliage and spreads entirely over the spray surface.
• It is little heavy but efficiently working in rough conditions of farm. It is economical therefore affordable for all
kind of farmers.
• It requires comparatively less time for spraying so we can get more fields spraying per day. It is cost effective
than the existing spraying pumps available in the market as no direct fuel cost or cost for maintenance is needed
for this.
• It is upgraded design of manually operated sprayer and weedier which will be helpful for small land farmers.
• It consumes less time and saves money as compared with conventional spraying and weeding.
• This machine does not require any fuel or power, so maintenance is less.
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WHEEL OPREATED SPRAYER
 13. Future scope

1.We can make it even better in future by working on its gear ratio.
2.More number of nozzle can be utilized.
3.Higher capacity bag pack sprayer can be used.
4.The use of latest computer technology will make to automate the system completely.
5.By adopting adjustable width of frame, the robot can be used all crops.

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 14. References
1.Laukik P. Raut, Smit B. Jaiswal, Nitin Y. Mohite. (2013, Nov.) “Design, development and fabrication of agricultural pesticides sprayer with
weeder”,International Journal of Applied Research and studies (IJARS), pp. 1-8, ISSN: 2278-9480.

2. S. L.Kolhe, N B. Gajbhiye, V. B. Deshmukh,”Eco-friendly Mechanically Operated Multipurpose Spray Pump” International Journal of Research
in Advent Technology, Vol.2, No.2, February 2014.

3. Sandeep H. Poratkar, Dhanraj R. Raut ”Development of Multinozzle Pesticide Sprayer Pump”, International Journal of Modern Engineering
Research (IJMER), Vol.3, Issue.2, pp 864-868, April 2013.

4. To Spray or Not to Spray: Pesticides, Banana Exports, and Food Safety John S. Wilsona Tsunehiro Otsuki*, b a b Development Research Group
(DECRG), World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433, USA March 2002.

5. Shivaraja Kumar Pwarmes waramurthy, Design and development of wheel and pedal operated sprayer”, IPSJinternational journal of mechanical
Engineering (IIJME), volume 2, Issue 6, June 2014. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 10, Issue 5, May-2019
ISSN 2229-5518

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