GROWTH &

DEVELOPMENT
GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT

An essential feature of children which distinguishes

them from adults
Growth : Net increase in size or mass of tissues. Due
to
• increase in number of cells (2X 10 at birth, 6 X 10
in adults)
• increase in size of cells
• increase in ground substance
Development: Maturation of function
• Acquisition of skills
• Due to myelination of neurons
Characteristics of G&D:

• Continuous & orderly process, but rate may

not be uniform
• Specific periods when growth accelerates,
decelerates or is steady
• Generalised mass activity gives way to
specific responses
• G&D proceeds in a cephalocaudal direction
• Different tissues grow at different rates
 FACTORS AFFECTING G & D:

Genetic
parental phenotype & familial patterns
Race
Sex
Genetic disorders
-chromosomal
-gene defects
Environmental Postnatal
Intrauterine factors -nutrition
-Maternal nutrition -Infections
-anemia -trauma
-PET, HT -emotional factors
-Tobacco -cultural practices
-alcohol -Hormonal
-drugs influences
- infections -Growth
hormone
-insulin
-thyroid
Life Cycles
Objective: Plants and animals have
life cycles that include the beginning
of life, growth and development,
reproduction and death. The details
of a life cycle are different for
different organisms.
Let’s see what you already know
about life cycles…
 Word Bank
adult death tadpole eggs pupa
larva egg nymph hatching

1. Most animals come from ______________.

2. When an animal breaks out of an egg, that is called ________________.

3. What are the three stages of growth of a grasshopper?

  A.___________________   B.___________________   C._______________ 

4. Name the stages of butterfly growth.

  A.___________________   B.___________________   
C.___________________    D.___________________  

5. The second stage in the life cycle of a frog is called a _______________.

6. The final stage in the life cycle of all animals is _________________.

 Vocabulary
• molting
life cycle
• metamorphosis
maturity
• stages of the life cycle
tadpole
• pupa
• larva
• egg
• adult
• chrysalis
• nymph
 Essential Vocabulary
• Life cycle – the stages a plant or animal goes
through from egg to adult

• Metamorphosis – the process of change during

the life cycle

• Simple metamorphosis – the process of change

during the life cycle where the young
resembles the adult
• Complete metamorphosis – the young does not
look like the adult

• Life cycle stages

– Birth
– Growth/change
– Maturity
– Death
 Changes…
*A fact of life is that
things change.
*Plants and animals are
among those things that
change.
*They go through many
different stages as they
grow, just like you!
3 Phase Insect Life Cycle
 Simple Metamorphosis
Insects
• Cockroaches
• Grasshoppers
• Dragonflies
4 Phase Insect Life Cycle
 Complete Metamorphosis
Insects
• Beetles
• Butterflies/moths
• Flies
• Ants, wasps, bees
• fleas
• Identify the following life cycles as
- simple (3 phases)
- complete (4 phases)
Life Cycle of a Butterfly
 The Life Cycle of a Butterfly
The life of a butterfly
begins as an egg…

then it grows into a

caterpillar…

the caterpillar makes a

cocoon…

then after time, a butterfly

emerges!
Dragonfly Life Cycle
Mosquito Life Cycle
Grasshopper Life Cycle
 The Life Cycle of a Frog
The life of a frog begins as
an egg…

then it develops into a

tadpole…

then legs grow and it

becomes a frog!
 The Life Cycle of a Plant
The life of a plant begins
as a seed…

then it begins to sprout…

then it develops roots, a

stem, and leaves!
Now, let’s try that test again and
see what you have learned!
 Word Bank
adult death tadpole eggs pupa
larva egg nymph hatching

1. Most animals come from ______________.

2. When an animal breaks out of an egg, that is called ________________.

3. What are the three stages of growth of a grasshopper?

  A.___________________   B.___________________   C._______________ 

4. Name the stages of butterfly growth.

  A.___________________   B.___________________   
C.___________________    D.___________________  

5. The second stage in the life cycle of a frog is called a _______________.

6. The final stage in the life cycle of all animals is _________________.